1. Prenatal, perinatal and early childhood oral health

Question 1

Caries affects _ in 4 children by Kindergarten.

Answer 1

1 (25%)

Question 2

Mean duration of pregnancy

Answer 2

280 days (40 wks)

Question 3

Preterm specifies the period of pregnancy from _ weeks/days to _ weeks/days of gestation.

Answer 3

20 weeks and zero days to 36 weeks and 6 days

Question 4

Term specifies the period of pregnancy from __ weeks/days to __weeks/days of gestation.

Answer 4

37 weeks and 0 days to 41 weeks and 6 days

(handbook says 36 weeks and zero days,

Question 5

Term referring to mother and/or fetus from 20th week of gestation through four weeks postpartum (or 28 days of extra-uterine life)

Answer 5

Perinatal/Neonatal

Question 6

Definition of infant

Answer 6

Child ages one moth through 12 months

Question 7

Toddler definition

Answer 7

Child age 1 through 36 months (originated as term to describe child learning to walk)

Question 8

Steps involved in oral healthcare during pregnancy

Answer 8

(1) understanding implications of pregnancy on oral health
(2) implications of oral health on pregnancy
(3) protocol for prenatal providers
(4) protocol for dental professionals

Question 9

Pregnant women are more susceptible to oral disease secondary to _______ during pregnancy

Answer 9

endocrinological fluctuations

Question 10

Associations of poor oral health and pregnancy

Answer 10

decreased birthweight, growth restriction, preterm delivery, preeclampsia, early pregnancy loss, intrauterine fetal demise

Question 11

Use of ______ and avoidance of _______ and ______ during pregnancy is protective for orofacial clefts

Answer 11

use of FOLIC ACID

avoidance of TOBACCO and ALCOHOL

Question 12

How should a pregnant patient be positioned during treatment?

Answer 12

semi-seated, and pillow placement under right hip maintains uterus off of vena cava

Question 13

Aspirin use in pregnant women may affect the the fetus in these 2 ways and thus, should be avoided.

Answer 13

1. may affect fetal growth

2. may cause premature closure of ductus arteriosus

Question 14

Analgesis and antipyretic of choice in pregnant women

Answer 14

Acetaminophen

Question 15

Ibuprofen should be avoided during 1st and 3rd trimesters due to following neonatal effects

Answer 15

premature closure of ductus arterioles

neonatal effect including renal failure, increased risk of necrotizing enterocolitis or intraventricular hemmorhage

Question 16

_____has similar neonatal effects as Ibuprofen, but has a longer half-life and it is recommended to avoid during 1st and 3rd trimesters and to choose other NSAID if breastfeeding.

Answer 16

Naproxen

Question 17

The following analgesics are associated with neonatal withdrawal

Answer 17

Codeine (small risk of heart defects), Morphine, Mepiridine

Question 18

______ antibiotics should be avoided during pregnancy as use after 25 weeks may result in STAINING OF TEETH and possible EFFECTS ON BONE GROWTH and can cause MATERNAL HEPATOTOXICITY. Should not be used if breast feeding

Answer 18

Tetracycline

Question 19

_____ antibiotics have shown to be toxic to developing cartilage in animal models and are suggested to be avoided during pregnancy and to choose an alternative if breastfeeding.

Answer 19

Fluoroquinolones

Question 20

______ anesthetic can cross the placenta and reach fetal circulation, but is still acceptable during pregnancy and in breastfeeding mothers.

Answer 20

Lidocaine

Question 21

Although controversial, evidence suggests bacterial acquisition from mother to child occurs at _____

Answer 21

birth

Question 22

Are infants born vaginally or by C-section colonized by S. Mutans earlier and why?

Answer 22

C-section are colonized earlier presumably bc vaginal delivery plays an important role in acquisition of oral microbiome

Question 23

AAP and WHO recommend exclusive breastfeeding for how long?

Answer 23

Exclusively for first 6 months, then continued through one year or longer as mutually desired by mother and infant

Question 24

Immunologic benefits of breastfeeding to infant:

Answer 24

Maternal antibodies and decreased incidence of upper and lower respiratory tract infections, otitis media and GI tract infections

Question 25

Metabolic benefits of breastfeeding to infant:

Answer 25

Decreased risk of celiac disease, IBD, obesity, diabetes

Question 26

Other health benefits of breastfeeding to infant:

Answer 26

Decreased risk of cardiovascular disease in adulthood

Question 27

SIDS and breastfeeding

Answer 27

decreased risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)