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My deck > NBME 17 Review Deck > Flashcards

NBME 17 Review Deck Flashcards

1
Q

Which viruses acquire an envelope similar to the phospholipid concentration of the nuclear phospholipid membrane.

A

Herpesviruses; all other enveloped viruses acquire a phospholipid membrane by busting through the plasma membrane of the host cell

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2
Q

External ear infection in a diabetic 80 year old patient

A

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

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3
Q

Polyarteritis Nodosa typically spares what arteries

A

Pulmonary Arteries and Bronchial arteries

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4
Q

Rupture of what part of the aorta is most common in a decelerating injury/ trauma in a motor vehicle accident where the driver/ passenger is wearing a seatbelt

A

Damage to the aortic isthmus– Distal to the left Subclavian Artery

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5
Q

Cardiac tumor with abundant ground substance and gelatinous matrix mucopolysaccharide storm, abundant blood vessels with hemorrhaging. Mesenchymal origin

A

Cardiac Myxoma

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6
Q

Benign heart hamartoma in children and its associations

A

Rhabdomyosarcoma; associated with Tuberous sclerosis

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7
Q

infant in the first few days of life presenting with maple syrup urine/ Burnt sugar urine smell, dry mucus membranes and hypertonia

A

Branched chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase deficiency

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8
Q

Infant with fair complexion, eczema, MUSTY body odor, seizures

A

PKU either due to phenylalanine hydroxylase, BH4 cofactor deficiency, or dihydropteridine reductase deficiency (Conversion of Tryptophan to serotonin)

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9
Q

Recurrent cysteine sones in an infant

A

Cystinuria; defect in PCD and intestinal amino acid transporter that prevents resorption of Cysterine, ornithine, and lysine

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10
Q

Deficiency in homogentisate oxidase

A

Alkaptouria; black cartilage, etc

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11
Q

diet restriction for infants with Branched Chained alpha-ketoacid Dehydrogenase deficiency

A

Decreased Leucine, valine, and isoleucine intake

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12
Q

Niesseria is grown on what time of agar, and which are the components?

A

Chocolate agar (heated blood)= Thayer martin agar also called VPN (Vancomycin, Polymixin (also called collistatin), nystatin (inhibits growth of candida) and trimethoprim

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13
Q

Cancers that cause sclerotic bone lesions

A

Prostate, Small Cell Lung Cancer, Hodgkin Lymphoma

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14
Q

Patient with a long-standing history of RA that gets intubated develops areflexia and whole body paralysis; what complication of RA is to be expected?

A

Cervical sublaxation; typically occurs 2nd to endotracheal intubation in patients with a long-standing history of RA

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15
Q

Grabbing a tree branch while falling that leads to loss of fine movements of the affected hand

A

Klumpke palsy/ Damage to the lower trunk of the brachial plexus

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16
Q

Abduction (arm hanging by side), lateral rotation (arm medially rotated) while also being flexed and supinated

A

erb Palsy (C5-C6) trauma to the upper trunk

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17
Q

Benign, painful, red-blue discoloration under the finger nails arising from the smooth muscle cells of the thermoregulatory glomus body.

A

Glomus Tumor

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18
Q

four causes of Hydrops fetalis

A

Parvo B19 infection, Alpha Thalassema (–/–), Rh Hemolytic disease of the newborn, syphilis

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19
Q

Causes of carpal tunnel

A

DM, chronic hemodialysis (deposition of amyloid B2-microglobulin), hypothyroidism, pregnancy, and RA

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20
Q

Tumors that stain GFAP +

A

astrocytomas, glioblastomas, ependymomas, and nerve sheath tumors

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21
Q

Synaptophysin + tumors

A

Small cell lung cancer, Carcinoid (neuroendocrine cells)

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22
Q

acute pancreatitis, lipidemia retinitis, eruptive skin xanthomas, and hepatosplenomegaly

A

Familial Chylomicron syndrome

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23
Q

Protein defect in familial chylomicron syndrome and elevated lipoprotein

A

Lipoprotein lipase, ApoC-II; Chylomicron

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24
Q

Premature coronary artery disease, corneal arcus, tendon xanthomas, xanthelasmas

A

Familial Hypercholesterolemia

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25
Q

Protein defect in Familial Hypercholesterolemia and elevated lipoprotein

A

ApoB-100, LDL-R; LDL is elevated

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26
Q

Premature coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease, tuboeruptive palmar Xanthomas

A

Familial Dysbetalipoproteinemia

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27
Q

Protein defect associated with dysbetalipopproteinemia and elevated lipoprotein

A

ApoE; elevated chylomicron and VLDL elements

28
Q

inherited lipoproteinemia that Increases pancreatitis risk; associated with obesity and insulin resistance

A

Familial Hypertriglyceridemia

29
Q

Protein defect in familial hypertriglyceridemia and elevated lipoprotein

A

ApoA-V; elevated VLDL

30
Q

cystic dilation of the fourth ventricle with posterior fossa enlargement

A

dandy-walker syndrome

31
Q

Displacement of the cerebellar vermis and tonsils below the foramen magnum

A

Arnold Chiari- Chiari II malformation

32
Q

Displacement of the cerebellar tonsil through the foramen magnum; associated with syringomyelia

A

Chari I malformation

33
Q

treatment for narcolepsy

A

Modafinil (CYP450 inducer) , amphetamines

34
Q

Causes of respiratory alkalosis (hyperventilation)

A

Salicylates (early), anxiety, Hypoxemia, tumor, PE

35
Q

Causes of metabolic acidosis with an increased anion gap

A

Increased (shit) MUDPILES: methanol/ formic acid, Uremia, DKA, Propylene glycol, Iron tablets or isoniazid, lactic acidosis, Ethylene glycol, salicylate (Late)

36
Q

Causes of Metabolic acidosis with a normal Anion gap

A

Normal HARDASS: hyperalimenation, Addisons disease, renal tubular acidosis, diarrhea, acetazolamide, spironolactone, saline infusion

37
Q

Cramps, pain, paresthesias, carpopedal spasm

A

hypocalcemia

38
Q

Asbestosis is visualized using what stain

A

Prussian Blue stain

39
Q

Tanner Stage I

A

No sexual hair, flat appearing chest with raised nipple (pre-pubertal)

40
Q

Tanner Stage II (age and features)

A

8-11.5; pubic hair (pubarche), testicular enlargement, Breast bud formation (thelarche)

41
Q

Tanner Stage III (age and features)

A

11.5-13 years: Coarsening of pubic hair, increased penis size and length; breast enlarges, mound forms

42
Q

Tanner Stage IV (age and features)

A

13-15 years: coarse hair across pubis, sparing the thigh, penis width/ glans increases; breast enlargement, raised areola, mound on mound

43
Q

Tanner Stage V (age and features)

A

> 15; coarse hair across the pubis and medial thigh, penis and testis enlarge to adult size, adult breast contour, areola flattens.

44
Q

What is the objective sign of puberty

A

breast budding in the female and testes enlargement in the male

45
Q

Presenting sx: pain, uniformly enlarged soft globular uterus, dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia,

A

Adenomyosis endometrium; hyperplasia of basal layer of endometrium

46
Q

Burn class: superficial, through epidermis (sun burn); painful, erythematous, blanching

A

First Degree Burn

47
Q

Burn class: skin is blistered and usually heals without scarring; partial thickness burn through the epidermis and dermis; painful erythematous, blanching

A

second degree burn

48
Q

Burn Class: Skin scars with wound healing; full thickness (Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis); painless, waxy or leathery appearance, non-blanching

A

Third Degree burn

49
Q

Inflammatory skin disorder with erythematous papules and pustules but no comedones; facial flushing in response to external stimuli; sensation of burning and dryness; may cause rhinopehyma (deformation of the nose)

A

Rosacea

50
Q

erythematous, well-demarcated plaques with greasy yellow scales in areas rich in sebaceous glands like scalp, face and periocular region. Associated with Parkinsons and possibly with Malassezia

A

Seborrheic Dermatitis; tx with topical fungi and CCS

51
Q

SAEs of Amioderone

A

CIIIA: pulmonary fibrosis, blue skin discoloration, gray cornea (hapten deposits), Hyper or Hypothryoidism, hypersensitivity hepatitis, CYP450 inhibitor, heart failure

52
Q

Name all Class III Anti-arrythmics

A

Amioderone, Ibutilide, dofetilide, sotalol

53
Q

autosomal dominate syndrome featuring the growth of numerous hamartomas in the GI tract, along with a hyper pigmented mouth, hands, lips and genitalia; increases risk of breast and GI tumors

A

Peutz-Jegher’s syndrome

54
Q

Pre-contemplation stage

A

Patients do not understand that there is a problem and often blame external factors or circumstances out of their control

55
Q

Contemplation stage

A

The patient recognizes the problem, but is not yet ready to do anything about it

56
Q

Preparation stage of the stages of change model

A

Planning/ preparing a behavior medication

57
Q

Action stage

A

Putting a Plan into action (enters treatment reducing alcohol)

58
Q

Maintenance Stage of the stages of change model

A

Maintaining absence; requires motivation

59
Q

Most common infection in lactation mastitis

A

Staph Aureus

60
Q

Diarrhea, dementia, dermatitis (broad collar rash), hyperpigmentation of sun exposed limbs

A

Vitamin B3/ Niacin Deficiency; carcinoid syndrome or prolonged isoniazid

61
Q

Autosomal recessive defect in neutral amino acid transporters in the PCT and on enterocytes

A

Hartnup disease–> Decrease Tryptophan –> decreased synthesis of Niacin–> pellagra sx (dementia, dermatitis, diarrhea)

62
Q

abdominal pain, greasy stools, weight loss, joint pain and PAS+ granules in the lamina propria

A

Whipple Disease (trophyremia whipplei); PAS is a glycoproteins)

63
Q

Malar rash, gottron papules, heliotrope (preorbital) rash, darkening and thickening of the fingers; perimysial inflammation with CD4+ T cells resulting proximal limb weakness; increased risk/ associated with malignancy (ovarian, lung, NHL, and colorectal)

A

dermatomyositis

64
Q

Progressive symmetric proximal muscle weakness that is anti-1-jo (Anti-histidyl-tRNA synthetase), ANti-SRP and ANTI M2 positive

A

Polymyositis

65
Q

Inflammation in polymyositis

A

endomysial inflammation

66
Q

Causes of septic abortion after curettage

A

S Aureus and E Coli

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