Mod 6 - Nervous System Overview

Question 1

The central nervous system (CNS) is composed of

Answer 1

Brain and spinal cord

Question 2

What are the two main divisions of the nervous system?

Answer 2

Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

Question 3

The peripheral nervous system consists of

Answer 3

Vast network of nerves Throughout the body

Question 4

The peripheral nervous system is divided into

Answer 4

Sensory (afferent) division and motor (efferent) division

Question 5

What is the function of the sensory (afferent) division?

Answer 5

Carries signals from nerve endings to CNS

Question 6

What is the function of the motor (efferent) Division?

Answer 6

Transmits information from CNS to rest of body

Question 7

The sensory (afferent) is further divided into what 2 divisions & what are their roles?

Answer 7

Somatic sensory - Carries signals from skin, bones, joints,muscles
Visceral sensory - Carries signals from viscera of heart, lungs, stomach, and bladder

Question 8

*Motor (efferent) division is further divided into what 2 divisions & what are their roles?

Answer 8

Somatic motor - Allows voluntary movements of skeletal muscles
Autonomic motor - provides “autonomic” Activities such as control of blood pressure and heart rate

Question 9

Autonomic motor is further divided into

Answer 9

Sympathetic division and parasympathetic division

Question 10

*What is the role of the sympathetic division?

Answer 10

Arouses the body for action “fight or flight”

Question 11

*What is the role of the parasympathetic division?

Answer 11

Has a calming effect “rest & digest”

Question 12

Describe the two types of cells that make up the nervous system

Answer 12

Neurons - Excitable, impulse conducting cells that perform the work of the nervous system
Neuroglia – protect the neurons

Question 13

What are the five major types of glia, and what part of nervous system do they reside in?

Answer 13

CNS - Oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells, microfilm, astrocytes
PNS - Schwann cells

Question 14

*What are the three classes of neurons and their functions?

Answer 14

• Sensory neurons - detect stimuli (such as touch, heat,cold, or chemicals) and then transmits that information to the CNS
• Interneurons - Connect the incoming sensory pathways with the outgoing motor pathways
• Motor neurons - relay messages from the brain to the muscle or gland cells

Question 15

Control centre of the neuron and contains the nucleus

Answer 15

Soma

Question 16

Receives signals from other neurons and conducts the information to the cell body

Answer 16

Dendrites

Question 17

Carries nerve signals away from the cell body

Answer 17

Axon

Question 18

The axons of many (but not all) Neurons are encased in a ________ , which consist of _________ and acts to _________

Answer 18

Myelin sheath, consists of mostly lipid, acts to insulate the axon

Question 19

What are the gaps in the myelin sheath called?

Answer 19

Nodes of Ranvier

Question 20

The end of the axon branches extensively, with each axon terminal ending in a

Answer 20

Synaptic knob

Question 21

Function of myelin

Answer 21

Help speed impulse conduction

Question 22

Where are Schwann cells found?

Answer 22

In the PNS, Schwan cells wrap themselves around the axon forming myelin sheath

Question 23

What is the name for the outermost layer of the schwann cell, which is essential for an injured nerve to regenerate?

Answer 23

Neurilemma

Question 24

In the CNS, the myelin sheath is formed by

Answer 24

Oligodendrocytes

Question 25

Extending from the end of the spinal cord is a bundle of nerve roots called the

Answer 25

Cauda equina

Question 26

How many pairs of nerves branch out of the spinal cord

Answer 26

31

Question 27

What do nerves from the thoracic region innervate?

Answer 27

Rib cage, abdominal muscles, and back muscles

Question 28

What do the lumbar spinal nerves innervate?

Answer 28

Lower abdominal wall and parts of the thighs and legs

Question 29

What is the name of the hole in the vertebrae where the nerves pass through?

Answer 29

Intervertebral foramina

Question 30

What are the four main nerve networks (plexus) ?

Answer 30

Cervical plexus, brachial plexus, lumbar plexus, sacral plexus

Question 31

What is the role of the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 31

Responsible for regulating the activities that maintain homeostasis. (Happen autonomously)