2013-4-11 Flashcards
swift
swift /swɪft/ adj., noun
■adj. (swift•er, swift•est)
1 ~ (to do sth) happening or done quickly and immediately; doing sth quickly 迅即发生的；马上做出的；迅速的:
swift action 迅速的行动
a swift decision 迅即作出的决定
The White House was swift to deny the rumours. 白宫立刻对这些传言予以否认。
2 moving very quickly; able to move very quickly 速度快的；敏捷的；矫健的:
a swift current 湍急的水流
a swift runner 跑得飞快的人
➡ note at FAST
# swift•ly adv. :
She moved swiftly to the rescue. 她迅速赶来营救。
# swift•ness noun [U, sing.]
■noun a small bird with long narrow wings, similar to a SWALLOW 雨燕
startle
star•tle /ˈstɑ:tl; NAmE ˈstɑ:rtl/ verb
to surprise sb suddenly in a way that slightly shocks or frightens them 使惊吓；使吓一跳；使大吃一惊:
[VN]
I didn’t mean to startle you. 我不是存心要吓唬你。
The explosion startled the horse. 爆炸声使马受了惊。
I was startled by her question. 她的问题让我大吃一惊。
[VN to inf]
It startled me to find her sitting in my office. 我一进办公室，发现她坐在里面，把我吓了一跳。
➡ note at FRIGHTEN , SURPRISE
# star•tled /ˈstɑ:tld; NAmE ˈstɑ:rtld/ adj. :
She looked at him with startled eyes. 她用吃惊的目光看着他。
He looked startled. 他显得很惊讶。
She jumped back like a startled rabbit. 她像受惊的兔子似的跳了回去。
opposed
op•posed /əˈpəʊzd/ adj. [not usually before noun] ~ (to sth)
1 (of a person 人) disagreeing strongly with sth and trying to stop it 强烈反对:
She remained bitterly opposed to the idea of moving abroad. 她仍然强烈反对移居国外。
They are totally opposed to abortion. 他们完全反对堕胎。
2 (of ideas, opinions, etc. 意见、看法等) very different from sth 截然不同:
Our views are diametrically opposed on this issue. 在这个问题上，我们的观点大相迳庭。
IDM as opposed to (formal) used to make a contrast between two things （表示对比）而，相对于:
200 attended, as opposed to 300 the previous year. 出席的有 200 人，而前一年是 300 人。
This exercise develops suppleness as opposed to (= rather than) strength. 这项锻炼不是增强力量，而是增强柔韧性的。
supple
sup•ple /ˈsʌpl/ adj.
1 able to bend and move parts of your body easily into different positions （身体）柔软的，灵活的；柔韧性好的:
her slim, supple body 她苗条灵活的身体
These exercises will help to keep you supple. 这些锻炼项目有助于你保持身体的柔韧性。
2 soft and able to bend easily without cracking 易弯曲的；柔韧的:
Moisturizing cream helps to keep your skin soft and supple. 保湿霜有助于保持皮肤柔软有弹性。
# supple•ness noun [U]
diametrically
dia•met•ric•al•ly /ˌdaɪəˈmetrɪkli/ adv. ~ opposed/opposite
completely different 完全（不同）；截然（相反）:
We hold diametrically opposed views. 我们的观点大相迳庭。
husbandry
hus•band•ry /ˈhʌzbəndri/ noun
1 farming, especially when done carefully and well （尤指精心经营的）农牧业:
animal/crop husbandry 畜牧业；种植业
2 (old-fashioned) the careful use of food, money and supplies 节俭使用；精打细算
chair
chair /tʃeə(r); NAmE tʃer/ noun, verb
■noun
1 [C] a piece of furniture for one person to sit on, with a back, a seat and four legs 椅子:
a table and chairs 一套桌椅
Sit on your chair! 坐在你的椅子上！
an old man asleep in a chair (= an ARMCHAIR ) 在扶手椅里睡着了的老人
➡ see also ARMCHAIR , DECKCHAIR , EASY CHAIR , HIGH CHAIR , MUSICAL CHAIRS , ROCKING CHAIR , WHEELCHAIR
2 the chair [sing.] the position of being in charge of a meeting or committee; the person who holds this position （主持会议或委员会的）主席席位；委员长职位；（会议或委员会的）主席；委员长:
She takes the chair in all our meetings. 她主持我们所有的会议。
Who is in the chair today? 今天谁主持？
He was elected chair of the city council. 他当选为市议会主席。
3 [C] the position of being in charge of a department in a university （大学的）系主任:
He holds the chair of philosophy at Oxford. 他是牛津大学哲学系的系主任。
4 the chair [sing.] (US, informal) = ELECTRIC CHAIR
■verb [VN] to act as the chairman or chairwoman of a meeting, discussion, etc. 担任（会议、讨论等的）主席；主持（会议、讨论等）:
Who’s chairing the meeting? 谁主持这次会议？
feverish
fe•ver•ish /ˈfi:vərɪʃ/ adj.
1 [usually before noun] showing strong feelings of excitement or worry, often with a lot of activity or quick movements 激动的；焦虑不安的:
The whole place was a scene of feverish activity. 整个地方都是一片紧张匆忙的景象。
a state of feverish excitement 异常激动的状态
feverish with longing 十分渴望
2 suffering from a fever; caused by a fever 发烧的；发烧引起的:
She was aching and feverish. 她疼痛发烧。
a feverish cold/dream 伴有发烧的感冒；发烧引起的梦
# fe•ver•ish•ly adv. :
The team worked feverishly to the November deadline. 这个队抢在十一月最后期限前拼命工作。
Her mind raced feverishly. 她思潮起伏。
near-death experience
ˌnear-ˌdeath exˈperience
an occasion when you almost die, which is often remembered as leaving your body or going down a tunnel 濒死经历（常留下灵魂出窍或坠入管道的回忆）
near-final
近乎最终的
Members agreed on a near-final draft of their recommendations.
word
/wə:d/
verb [VN] [often passive] to write or say sth using particular words 措辞；用词:
How was the letter worded (= what did it say exactly)? 这封信到底写了些什么？
# word•ed adj. :
a carefully worded speech 措辞严谨的演讲
a strongly worded letter of protest 措辞强硬的抗议信
■ word! exclamation (NAmE) used to show that you accept or agree with what sb has just said （表示接受或同意别人刚说的话）就是，说得对
routine
rou•tine /ru:ˈti:n/ noun, adj.
■noun
1 [C, U] the normal order and way in which you regularly do things 常规；正常顺序:
We are trying to get the baby into a routine for feeding and sleeping. 我们试着让婴儿按时进食和睡觉。
Make exercise a part of your daily routine. 让锻炼成为你日常生活的一部分。
We clean and repair the machines as a matter of routine. 我们定期清洗和修理机器。
2 [U] (disapproving) a situation in which life is boring because things are always done in the same way 生活乏味；无聊:
She needed a break from routine. 她需要摆脱一下刻板的生活。
3 [C] a series of movements, jokes, etc. that are part of a performance （演出中的）一套动作，一系列笑话（等）:
a dance routine 一套舞蹈动作
4 [C] (computing 计) a list of instructions that enable a computer to perform a particular task 例行程序；例程
■adj. [usually before noun]
1 done or happening as a normal part of a particular job, situation or process 常规的；例行公事的；日常的:
routine enquiries/questions/tests 日常的询问；常规审问╱检查
The fault was discovered during a routine check. 这个错误是在一次常规检查中发现的。
2 not unusual or different in any way 平常的；正常的；毫不特别的:
He died of a heart attack during a routine operation. 他在一次普通手术中死于心脏病。
3 (disapproving) ordinary and boring 乏味的；平淡的 SYN DULL , HUMDRUM :
a routine job 平淡乏味的工作
This type of work rapidly becomes routine. 这种工作很快就变得乏味无聊。
# rou•tine•ly adv. :
Visitors are routinely checked as they enter the building. 来访者在进入大楼时都要接受例行检查。
molecule
mol•ecule /ˈmɒlɪkju:l; NAmE ˈmɑ:l-/ noun (chemistry 化)
the smallest unit, consisting of a group of atoms, into which a substance can be divided without a change in its chemical nature 分子:
A molecule of water consists of two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen. 水分子由两个氢原子和一个氧原子构成。
# mo•lecu•lar /məˈlekjələ(r)/ adj. [only before noun] :
molecular structure/biology 分子结构╱生物学
molecular biology分子生物学
crucial
cru•cial /ˈkru:ʃl/ adj. ~ (to/for sth) | ~ (that …)
extremely important, because it will affect other things 至关重要的；关键性的
SYN CRITICAL , ESSENTIAL :
a crucial factor/issue/decision 关键性的因素╱问题╱决定
topics of crucial importance 至关重要的课题
Winning this contract is crucial to the success of the company. 赢得这份合同对这家公司的成败至关重要。
The next few weeks are going to be crucial. 今后几个星期是关键。
It is crucial that we get this right. 我们把这个问题弄明白是极其重要的。
Parents play a crucial role in preparing their child for school. 父母对孩子做好上学的准备起着至关重要的作用。
He wasn’t there at the crucial moment (= when he was needed most). 紧要关头他却不在那里。
➡ note at ESSENTIAL
# cru•cial•ly /-ʃəli/ adv. :
crucially important 极其重要
preface
pref•ace /ˈprefəs/ noun, verb
■noun an introduction to a book, especially one that explains the author’s aims （书的）前言，序言 ➡ compare FOREWORD
■verb [VN]
1 ~ sth (with sth) to provide a book or other piece of writing with a preface 为…写序言:
He prefaced the diaries with a short account of how they were discovered. 他在前言中简要叙述了日记发现的经过。
2 ~ sth by/with sth | ~ sth by doing sth (formal) to say sth before you start making a speech, answering a question, etc. 以…为开端；作…的开场白:
I must preface my remarks with an apology. 讲话前，我必须先表示歉意。
