Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

LAM II - VA > Cardio - 4 Q's > Flashcards

Cardio - 4 Q's Flashcards

1
Q

cardiac disease is often 2ndary except for when

A

congenital malformations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

when is cardiac disease often reported

A

as a finding on necropsy assoc. with acute mortalities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the NON-specific signs of cardiac disease

A 
moves slow 
depression 
decreased food intake 
lying down 
decreased milk production 
weight loss 
posture: arched back, rigid, extended neck 
ventral, presternal edema 
increased resp. rate, dyspnea 
shifting lameness 
tachycardia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the specific signs of cardiac disease

A

pericarditis, friction rub
arrhythmias, murmurs
pericardial effusion: soft, splashing ‘washing machine’
decreased contractility, soft / indistinct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

first step in cardiac evaluation

A

observation - venous congestion, jugular filling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what test to assess jugular filling

A

venous stasis test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the venous stasis test

A

occlude the jugular vein bilaterally
filling below the occlusion should disappear
if it doesn’t - >CVP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is a ‘normal’ jugular pulse upon observation

A

carotid pulse + closure of mitral valves

observable at thoracic inlet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is an abnormal jugular pulse upon observation

A

strong / moves up the groove

still present with venous stasis test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

interpretation of jugular filling with small jugular pulse

A

cardiac tamponade
traumatic pericarditis
tricavity effusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

interpretation of jugular filling with moderate to strong jugular pulse

A 
CHF / AV valve insufficiency 
LSA 
high altitude disease 
ionophore toxicity 
valvular endocarditis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

normal HR in cow

A

50-80bpm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

normal HR in sheep and goats

A

80-110bpm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

normal HR in camelids

A

50-90bpm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

valves to listen to

A

aortic
bicuspid
pulmonic
tricuspid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

normally, how many heart sounds

A

two sounds, may hear a split on first sound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

reason for asynchronous closure of AV valves

A

murmurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what types of murmurs are possible

A

physiological

pathological

19
Q

what is a reason for a physiological murmur

A

anemia

20
Q

pathological murmurs

A

systolic
diastolic
presystolic

21
Q

systolic murmur

A

AV insufficiency or Aortic / Pulmonary artery stenosis

22
Q

diastolic murmur

A

Aortic / Pulmonary insufficiency

23
Q

presystolic murmur

A

stenosis of AV valves

24
Q

aside from observation, venous stasis, and auscultation, what else can we do to assess cardiac function?

A

central venous pressure

ultrasound

25
Q

what does deficient ventricular filling lead to

A

decreased venous return

26
Q

what can be the cause of decreased venous return

A

venous obstruction

27
Q

what are the possible reasons for venous obstruction

A

jugular thrombophlebitis

caudal vena cava thrombosis

28
Q

when do we see jugular thrombophlebitis

A

cervical lymphadenopathy / abscesses
T. pyogenes following injection
multicentric LSA

29
Q

what do we see with jugular thrombophlebitis

A

jugular distension
presternal edema
head edema - horses
bradycardia

30
Q

what tests to run with jugular thrombophlebitis

A

physical exam
imaging
chemistry

31
Q

when do we see caudal vena cava thrombosis

A

thoracic lymphadenopathy / abscess
CL
T. pyogenes
multicentric LSA

32
Q

what do we see with caudal vena cava thrombosis

A 
cyanotic induration liver 
liver cirrhosis 
necrotizing hepatosis 
visceral edema 
diarrhea 
regurgitation 
vagal indigestion
33
Q

what tests to run with caudal vena cava thrombosis

A

physical exam
imaging
chemistry

34
Q

reasons for deficient ventricular ejection

A 
CHF 
genetic / congenital maformations 
genetic pulmonary hypertension
e-lyte disturbances 
rhythm disorders 
vegetative endocarditis 
myocarditis / myocardial failure 
toxicities 
LSA
35
Q

what are the genetic / congenital malformations that can lead to deficient ventricular ejection

A

VSD
tetralogy of fallot
genetic pulmonary hypertension

36
Q

what is the most common cyanotic congenital disorder in calves

A

tetralogy of fallot

37
Q

what are the components of T of F

A 
pulmonic stenosis 
ventricular septal defect 
overriding aorta 
right ventricular hypertrophy 
(as a result of pulmonic stenosis)
38
Q

what toxicities can lead to deficient ventricular ejection

A

ionophores: gossypol

39
Q

what type of electrolyte disturbances can lead to deficient ventricular ejection

A

calcium
magnesium
potassium

40
Q

what rhythm disorders can lead to deficient ventricular ejection

A

a-fib

heart block

41
Q

what can a-fib and heart block lead to

A 
murmurs 
pulmonary congestion
cyanosis 
abnormal rhythm / intensity 
blood gas changes 
shifting lameness 
changes in respiratory rate
42
Q

common organism in vegetative endocarditis

A

t. pyogenes - right AV valve insufficiency

43
Q

organisms that contribute to myocarditis and myocardial failure

A

h. somni / clostridium
blue tongue / foot and mouth
vitamin E / copper

44
Q

what does deficient ventricular filling / ejection lead to

A

decreased venous return / cardiac output

LAM II - VA (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions