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Physiological Psychology > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Describe individual and age differences in the endogenous sleep cycle

A 
Individual
-Bed early/up early (lark)
-Bed late/up late (owl)
Age
-Children/adults: bed early/up early
Adolescents: bed late/up late
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2
Q

Describe the brain areas, hormones, and proteins associated with the sleep/ wake cycle

A

Brain area: Suprachiasmatic nucleus (HYPTM)
Hormones: Melatonin (Pineal gland)
Proteins: ????????

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3
Q

Describe the EEG and eye movements of each stage of sleep

A

Going from Stage 1 to REM sleep: eye movement increases and waves (B, A, T, D): high freq. low amp to low freq. high amp

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4
Q

Describe brain areas associated with arousal and attention, describe how these brain areas interact

A 
Locus coeruleus (Pons)
Pontomesencephalon (Reticular formation)
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5
Q

Describe three biological hypotheses explaining why we dream

A

Activation-synthesis hypothesis: cortex synthesizes a story from pattern of spontaneous activity in parts of the cortex
Clinico-anatomical hypothesis: based on recent memory

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6
Q

Differentiate and describe organizational and activational effects of sex hormones

A

Organizational effects: (pregnancy) whether brain and body will develop as male/female
Activational effects: any time of life (puberty)

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7
Q

Describe the process by which sexual differentiation of the gonads occurs during early development

A

Male: Mullerian ducts have to be inhibited

Y chromosome introduces

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8
Q

Describe the process by which sexual differentiation of the gonads occurs during early development

A

Male: Mullerian ducts have to be inhibited

Y chromosome introduces SRY gene to develop testes

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9
Q

Describe the menstrual cycle in women

A

28 day cycle

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10
Q

Describe the role of oxytocin and vasopressin.

A

Vasopressin: parental bonding
Oxytocin: Reproductive behavior (uterine contractions and milk production)

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11
Q

Lark

A

People who sleep early/wake early

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12
Q

Owl

A

People who sleep late/up late

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13
Q

Shift work

A

People who have irregular sleep schedules

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14
Q

Shift work

A

People who have irregular sleep schedules

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15
Q

Jet lag

A

Disruption of circadian rhythm from crossing over the time zones
Going east phase advance
Going west phase delays

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16
Q

Brain areas associated with sleep

A 
Pontomesenceohalon (NTS-Acetylcholine, glutamate)
Locus coeruleus (NT-Norepinephrine)
Basal forebrain-Acetylcholine 
Hypothalamus
Dorsal raphe/pons-serotonin
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17
Q

Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)

A

Area of the hypothalamus that regulates body temp and sleep rhythm
Damage=erratic rhythm

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18
Q

Pineal gland

A

Produces melatonin (regulated by the hypothalamus)

19
Q

EEG waves: Beta

A
  • Awake, cognitive processing

- High freq, low amp

20
Q

EEG waves: Alpha

A

-Relaxation, drowsiness

21
Q

EEG waves: Theta

A

-Sleep states, creative processing, problem solving

22
Q

EEG waves: Delta

A

-Low freq, high amp waves

23
Q

EEG waves: Delta

A

-Low freq, high amp waves

24
Q

K-complex

A

Brain trying to keep you asleep

25
Q

Sleep spindle

A

Group of waves signaling interaction between cells in the thalamus and cortex

26
Q

Slow-wave sleep

A
  • Indicate neuronal activity is synchronized

- Delta waves

27
Q

REM is regulated by

A

serotonin (interrupts) and acetylcholine (promotes)

28
Q

Activation-synthesis hypothesis

A

Brain makes dream of pattern of events in cortex (PGO waves)

29
Q

Clinico-anatomical (neurocognitive) hypothesis

A

Based on recent memory

30
Q

Organizational effects

A

Whether body will develop as male or female (during pregnancy 3-4 mos.)

31
Q

Activating effects

A

Changes that only happen during puberty

32
Q

Testosterone:

A

growth of the testes, production of Müllerian-inhibiting hormone (MIH)

33
Q

Estradiol

A

Period regulation

34
Q

Progesterone

A

Maintain pregnancy

35
Q

SRY gene

A

make undifferentiated gonads turn into testes

36
Q

Progesterone

A

Sustain pregnancy

37
Q

SRY gene

A

make undifferentiated gonads turn into testes

38
Q

Woffian ducts

A

Precursor to male

39
Q

Müllerian ducts

A

Precursor to female

40
Q

Sensitive period

A

(First trimester) Where body develops male or female

41
Q

Aromatization hypothesis

A

Enzyme converts testosterone to estradiol

42
Q

Why a female rodent is not masculinized by her own estradiol

A

High alpha-fetoprotein levels in blood bind to estradiol preventing it from entering cells

43
Q

Medial preoptic area

A

Increases touch sensitivity in the penis to release dopamine

Physiological Psychology (6 decks)

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