Synovial Joints

Question 1

plane

non axial, uniaxial, biaxial, or multi axial?

Answer 1

nonaxial

Question 2

hinge

non axial, uniaxial, biaxial, or multi axial?

Answer 2

uniaxial

Question 3

pivot

non axial, uniaxial, biaxial, or multi axial?

Answer 3

uniaxial

Question 4

condylar

non axial, uniaxial, biaxial, or multi axial?

Answer 4

biaxial

Question 5

saddle

non axial, uniaxial, biaxial, or multi axial?

Answer 5

biaxial

Question 6

ball-and-socket

Answer 6

multiaxial

Question 7

flexion

Answer 7

a movement, generally in the sagittal plane, that decreases the angle of the joint and reduces the distance between two bones (ie hinge joints and ball-and-socket joints)

Question 8

extension

Answer 8

a movement that increases the angle of a joint and the distance between two bones or parts of the body; opposite of flexion

Question 9

hyperextension

Answer 9

extension that processes beyond anatomical position

Question 10

abduction

Answer 10

movement of a limb away from the midline of the body, along the frontal plane, or the fanning movement of the fingers or toes when they are spread apart

Question 11

adduction

Answer 11

movement of a limb toward the midline of the body or drawing the fingers or toes together; the opposite of abduction

Question 12

rotation

Answer 12

movement of a bone around its longitudinal axis without lateral or medial displacement; common movement of ball-and-socket joints and also describes the movement of the atlas around the dens of the axis

Question 13

circumduction

Answer 13

a combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction commonly observed in ball-and-socket joints like the shoulder. The limb as a whole outlines a cone.

Question 14

pronation

Answer 14

movement of the palm of the hand from an anterior or upward-facing position to a posterior or downward-facing position; radius and ulna form an X

Question 15

supination

Answer 15

movement of the palm of the hand from a a posterior position to an anterior position (the anatomical position); radius and ulna are parallel

Question 16

dorsiflexion

Answer 16

a movement of the ankle joint that lifts the foot so that its superior surface approaches the shin

Question 17

plantar flexion

Answer 17

a movement of the ankle joint in which the foot is flexed downward as if standing on one’s toes or pointing the toes

Question 18

inversion

Answer 18

a movement that turns the sole of the foot medially

Question 19

eversion

Answer 19

a movement that turns the sole of the foot laterally

Question 20

plane joint

Answer 20

non axial; gliding

flat or slightly curved bones

Question 21

hinge

Answer 21

uniaxial; flexion and extension

a rounded or cylindrical bone fits into a concave surface on the other bone

Question 22

pivot

Answer 22

uniaxial; rotation

a rounded bone fits into a sleeve (concave bone plus a ligament)

Question 23

condylar

Answer 23

biaxial; flexion, extension, adduction, and abduction

an oval condyle fists into an oval depression on the other bone

Question 24

saddle

Answer 24

biaxial; flexion, extension adduction, and abduction

articulating surfaces are saddle shaped; one surface is concave, the other convex

Question 25

ball-and-socket

Answer 25

multiaxial; flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and rotation
the ball-shaped head of one bone fits into the cupcake depression of the other bone