Chapter 2 Flashcards
What roles did physical activity and sport play in PRE-AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY
- > Humans were compelled to be physically active to stay alive
- > Hunting and gathering societies were constantly on the move
- > Survival needs meant little opportunity for “leisure” time
What roles did physical activity and sport play in ANCENT GREECE
- > Ancient Greece was the first civilization to pursue physical activity for the sake of physical as well as mental benefits
- > Athletes and athletic evens held religious significance
- > The Ancient greeks believed that the gods bestowed extraordinary power upon athletes
What roles did physical activity and sport play in THE ANCIENT OLYMPICS
- > The ancient greeks organized sporting events into competitions between nations
- > First recorded Olympic Games took place in Athens 776 BCE
- > The first games only included one event: a foot race
What roles did physical activity and sport play in THE ROMAN EMPIRE
- > The romans continued the olympic tradition but favoured more brutal sporting events ie. gladiator combat
- > Athleticism and the Olympic Games decreased/ weakened when the Roman Empire declined
- > The modern olympic revival did not occur until 1896
What roles did physical activity and sport play in THE RENAISSANCE
- > The Renaissance saw a revival of interest in greek and roman culture
- > Athleticism again became a social idea
- > Study of human anatomy and physiology intensified
What roles did physical activity and sport play in THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION AND THE VICTORIAN ERA
- > Rules and time limits were set on spectator sports such as cricket, football and tennis
- > Middle class was eager to join the upper class in leisure activities
- > Industrial revolution: 1760-1842
- > Victorian Era: 1837-1901
What roles did physical activity and sport play in ABORIGINAL SOCIETIES IN THE AMERICAS
- > Athletic games were part of religious ceremonies
- > Physical fitness was viewed as helping young warriors gain spiritual fitness
Nationalism
- > identification with one’s own nation and support for its interests, especially to the exclusion or detriment of the interests of other nations.
- > Hosting the olympics leads to a surge in Nationalism
How did interest and participation in sport spread from the elite to the masses in the twentieth century.
- > Professional sports were born when teams realized they needed to pay their athletes to motivate and to retain them full time
- > Modern sports fans emerged as a result of the increased leisure time arising from industrialization, the growing population of sport in the media and the advent of TV
Professional Sport and Athletic Competition
- > Professional sports refers to those sport in which athletes receive payment for their athletic performance
The Modern Olympic Games
- > First modern olympics were held in Athens in 1896
- > The first modern Olympic Games excluded women and non- Europeans
- > First winter games were added in 1924
Historical Origins of sport
- > The years 1882-1914 saw a rapid growth in amateur and professional sports
- > The explosive growth of professional leagues after WW2 resulted from better wages, more leisure time an increase in population and the advent of TV
The Emergence of Modern Sports fans
- > Industrialization brought about increased productivity, wealth, and leisure time for many people in western nations
- > Mass media, global communication, and rise of population advanced the popularity of sports, the number of fans soared
Female Athlete’s struggle of equality
- > Women fought against a “feminine ideal” stereotype that limited their participation in sports
- > As women gained more political and economic freedom, they pushed boundaries in the world of sports
When were women allowed to participate in every olympic sport
The 2012 London olympics
