Assessment,Graphing, Ethics

Question 1

What is continous recording?

Answer 1

Observer observes the client continuously throughout the observation period and records each occurrence of the behavior. to do so the observer must be able to identify the onset and offset of each instance of the behavio. observer can record various dimensions of the target behaviour such as frequency, duration, intensity and latency.

Question 2

Frequency

Answer 2

The number of times behavior occurs in the observation period.

Question 3

Duration

Answer 3

Total amount of time occupied by the behavior from start to finish

Question 4

Rate

Answer 4

responses per minute. (frequency divided by the time of observation period)

Question 5

Real time recording

Answer 5

Method which the exact time of each onset of the target behavior is recorded. (usually done using video)

Question 6

intensity

Answer 6

amount of force, energy, or exertion involved in the behavior (also called magnitude)

Question 7

latency

Answer 7

time from some stimulus or event to the onset of the behavior

Question 8

How does latency differ from behavior?

Answer 8

latency is the time from some stimulus or event to the onset of the behavior, whereas duration is the time from the onset of the behavior to its offset. That is, latency is how long it takes to start the behavior and duration is how long the behavior lasts.

Question 9

Percentage of trials or percentage correct

Answer 9

is one final way in which event record- ing may be conducted. In this method, the observer records the occurrence of a behavior in relation to some other event, such as a learning trial or a response opportunity, and reports the results as the percentage of opportunities in which the behavior occurred.

Question 10

Product recording

Answer 10

an indirect assessment method that can be used when a behavior results in a certain tangible outcome that you are interested in. It is an indirect measure because you are not observing and recording the behavior as it occurs. One benefit of product recording is that the observer does not have to be present when the behavior occurs.

Question 11

interval recording.

Answer 11

the observer divides the observation period into a number of smaller time periods or intervals, observes the client throughout each consecu- tive interval, and then records whether the behavior occurred in that interval. At the end of the observation period, the observer reports the percentage of intervals in which the behavior was observed (the number of intervals in which behavior occurred divided by the number of intervals in the observation period).

Question 12

What are the two types of interval recording?

Answer 12

partial-interval recording and whole- interval recording.

Question 13

partial-interval recording

Answer 13

the observer scores the interval if the behavior occurred during any part of the interval.

Question 14

whole-interval recording

Answer 14

the occurrence of the behavior is marked in an interval only when the behavior occurs throughout the entire interval. If the behavior occurs in only part of the interval, the behavior is not scored as occurring in that interval.

Question 15

frequency-within-interval recording.

Answer 15

Frequency-within-interval recording shows you the frequency of the behavior and the specific intervals in which the behavior occurred.

Question 16

time sample recording

Answer 16

divide the observation period into inter- vals of time, but you observe and record the behavior during only part of each interval. The observation periods are separated by periods without observation.

Question 17

momentary time sample recording (MTS)

Answer 17

the behavior is recorded only if it occurs at the exact instant the interval ends. Time sample recording is valuable because the person does not have to observe the behavior for the entire interval. Rather, the observer records the behavior that occurs during only a portion of the interval or at a specific time in the interval.

Question 18

Examples or recording instruments

Answer 18

Paper and pencil, golf stroke counter, stopwatch, laptop, smartphone, Direct Assessment Tracking Application (DATA)

Question 19

What must recording be

Answer 19

Immediate and practical

Question 20

How to reduce reactivity

Answer 20

wait until the people being observed are accustomed to the observer

Question 21

When is reactivity desirable

Answer 21

When the act of self-monitoring changes in the desired direction thus self-monitoring becomes a treatment.

Question 22

Observation Period

Answer 22

The observer records the target behavior in a specific period

Question 23

What are the two types of setting observation of behavior can take place?

Answer 23

• Natural setting

- Analogue

Question 24

Natural setting

Answer 24

place where target behavior usually occurs

Question 25

Analogue setting

Answer 25

place set up for test purposes e.g. clinic playroom (place that is not part of normal routine)

Question 26

Self-monitoring

Answer 26

When the client observes and records his or her own target behavior

Question 27

why is self-monitoring valuable

Answer 27

when it is not possible for another observer to record the target behavior, as when the target behavior occurs infrequently or when it occurs only when no one else is present.
-client must be trained to record behavior same as an observer would.

Question 28

Observer

Answer 28

may be a professional, such as behavioral analyst or psychologist or a person routinely associated with the client in their natural environment (teacher, parent ect) observer must be trained to identify occurrence of target behavior and record it immediately

Question 29

Social validity

Answer 29

it is important to target behavior that are socially significant, and behavior that the client agrees are important. way to make sure it is socially important is to talk to individuals close to the client.

Question 30

Inter observer agreement (IOA)

Answer 30

When two people independently observe the same behavior and both record that the behavior occurred (also known as inter-observer reliability)

Question 31

Labels

Answer 31

LABELS ARE NOT BEHAVIOR (they mean different things to different people)

Question 32

What does a behavioral definition include

Answer 32

active verbs describing specific behaviors that a person exhibits. A behavioral definition is objective and unambiguous. As an example of defining a target behavior, unsportsmanlike behavior for a particular baseball player may be defined as yelling obscenities, throwing the bat or batting helmet, and kicking the dirt as the player walks back to the bench after striking out.

Question 33

What are the steps needed when developing a behavior recording plan?

Answer 33

1. define target behaviour
2. determine logistics of recording
3. choose recording method
4. choose a recording instrument

Question 34

What are the two types of behavioral assessment?

Answer 34

• Direct

- indirect

Question 35

Indirect assessment

Answer 35

involves using interviews, questionnaires, and rating scales to obtain information on the target behavior from the person exhibiting the behavior or from others (e.g., parents, teachers, or staff). Indirect assessment does not occur when the target behavior occurs but relies on an individual’s recall of the target behavior.

Question 36

Direct Assessment

Answer 36

a person observes and records the target behavior as it occurs. To observe the target behavior, the observer (or a video camera, in some cases) must be in close proximity to the person exhibiting the behavior so that the target behavior can be seen (or heard).

Question 37

Behavioral Assessment

Answer 37

Measurement of the target behavior (or behaviors) in behavior modification.