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16. Neuroscience Exam 2 > 4. CNS Histology > Flashcards

4. CNS Histology Flashcards

1
Q

The cell body is large and has a large nucleus with nissl substance/bodies (surround cell body/nucleus). Numerous dendrites extend from the cell body and an increase in them means?

A

increased receptive area, the dendritic spines are plastic/ can change

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2
Q

Long axons are covered in myelin and emerge from?

A

axon hillock

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3
Q

What is a dense network of interwoven nerve fibers and branches and synapses, working with glial fillaments? everything but cell bodies…

A

Neuropil

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4
Q

The terminal arborization is the distal end of the axon which contains collateral branches and then actual end of the axons have what which contact the postsynaptic cell?

A

telodendria

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5
Q

What transport carries material from cell body to peripery utilizing kinesin a microtubule that uses ATP?

A

Anterograde transport

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6
Q

What transport carries material from axon terminal to cell body utilizing dynein a microtubule?

A

retrograde transport

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7
Q

Slow transport is known as anterograde only and transports from cell body to terminal axon. What is fast transport?

A

conveys substances in both directions quickly using both antero and retrograde transport

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8
Q

What are the four types of neurons?

A

mutlipolar - single axon , dendrites
bipolar - single dendrite and axon
uni/pseudopolar - peripheral/central axons, w dendrites
anaxonic - no axon, multiple dendrites

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9
Q

Presynaptic terminal bouton contains mT and synaptic vesicles and release NTs into synaptic cleft. What about postsynaptic cell membrane’s content?

A

receptors for NT

ion channels to initiate impulse

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10
Q

What occurs at an axodentritic synapse?

A

axon synapse on dendrites to relay info

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11
Q

Electrical synapse permits direct passive flow of current from one neuron to another via GAP junctions. These contain what?

A

connexon proteins allowing diffusion of electric current flow

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12
Q

What are the four different types of glial cells?

A

astrocytes
ependymal cells
microglial cells
oligodendrocytes

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13
Q

Astrocytes are large number of long branching processes whose proximal regions are reinforced with what?

A

glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP)

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14
Q

Astrocytes have perivascular feet that cover cappilary endothelial cells and modulate blood flow and help move nutrients wastes and other metabolites between nerurons and capillaries. What can happen after CNS injury?

A

astrocytic scar

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15
Q

oligodendricytes will enwrap axons from multiple neurons and appear as round small cells with condensed nuclei. What does it enwrap axons with?

A

myelin

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16
Q

CNS is myelinated by oligodendricytes from neuroepithelium, and begins in lower brain stem. What about the PNS?

A

myelinated by schwann cells which only myelinate a SINGLE dendrite. derived from NCC

17
Q

Ependymal cells are columnar to cuboidal cells that line fluid filled ventricles of brain whose apical ends have cilia and long microvilli. What are their function?

A

faciliatate movement of CSF - look like round circle of cells

18
Q

The choroid plexus is a folded highly vascular tissues derived from ependymal cells, lining the 3/4th ventricles and lateral ventricular walls. what are its function?

A

removes h20 from blood to CSF along with Na/K/Cl

19
Q

The choroid plexus looks like a villous structure covered in columnar to cuboidal epithelium, and has tight junctions that do what?

A

between epithelial cells that contribute to the blood-CSF barrier

20
Q

Microglia are less numerous than oligodendrocytes or astrocytes and are the major mechanism of immune defense in CNS to remove microbial invaders and originate from?

A

monocytes

21
Q

What are the three layers of the cerebellar cortex?

A
  1. molecular layer (clear) lots neuropil
  2. purkinje layer (pink blobs)
  3. granular layer (dark purple) no neuropil
22
Q

What are the 5 cells of the cerebral cortex (neocortex)?

A
  1. pyramidal cells
  2. granule stellate cells
  3. cells of martinotti
  4. Fusiform cells
  5. Horizontal cells of cajal
23
Q

What are the 6 cortical layers?

A
  1. plexiform layer
  2. small pyramidal cell layer
  3. medium pyramidal cell layer
  4. granular cell layer
  5. large pyramidal cell layer
  6. polymorphic layer
24
Q

The plexiform layer (outmost under pia) have fibers that travel parallel to the surface mostly of neuroglial cells and horizonatl cells of cajal. How about the polymorphic layer which is the deepest of the cortical layers?

A

contains cells with diverse shapes, many are fusiform with fewer pyramidal cells

25
Q

Where are the most of the pyramidal cells in the cortical layers?

A

Layers 3 and 5 (layer of medium pyramidal cells and large pyramidal cell layer)

26
Q

The hippocampus and dentate gyrus function in the limbic system and help with learning memory and social interaction and is considered to be?

A

archicortex- each comprised of 3 layers

27
Q

What are the 3 layers and their contents of the hippocamus?

A
  1. polymorphic layer: nerve fibers/interneurons
  2. middle pyramidal cell layer: pyramidal cell bodies
  3. molecular layer: dendrites of pyramidal cells
28
Q

What are the 3 layers and their contents of the dentate gyrus?

A
  1. polymorphic layer: nerve fibers/interneurons
  2. middle pyramidal cell layer: denate granule cell bodies
  3. molecular layer: dendrites of granule cells
29
Q

What is the region where the head of the hippocampus abuts the dentate gyrus with multipolar neurons known as mossy cells.

A

Hilus

30
Q

Alzheimer’s disease can be seen on histo images as plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and neuronal loss. What 2 things are commonly seen?

A
  1. amyloid (amyloid B) plaques: pink masses in cortex

2. neurofibrillary tangles: flame shaped skeins formed by abnormal accumulation of Tau

16. Neuroscience Exam 2 (17 decks)

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