Final exam studies

Question 1

Caspi et al. Overview

Answer 1

Early temperamental characteristics can correlate with behavior problems later in life (i.e. a child with an inhibited temperament in infancy, can lead to greater anxiety in adolescence/adulthood, early lack of control then hyperactivity in adolescence/adulthood)

Question 2

Hoff & Naigles Overview

Answer 2

Early lexical (vocabulary) development is not only due to the shared social act (i.e. joint attention) of learning language, but also is from what the mother says/vocabulary used (i.e. maternal MLU) in conversation with child

Question 3

Caspi et al. Background

Answer 3

Temperament measured shitty in previous studies so can early temperment predict internalizing and externalizing behaviors later?

Question 4

Caspi et al. Method and results

Answer 4

Lack of control, sluggishness, approach

Significant associations between early childhood temperment and problems in later childhood

Question 5

Caspi et al. Discussion

Answer 5

○ Lack of Control -> for both boys & girls showed later reports of hyperactivity, antisocial behavior, and conduct disorders
○ Approach -> more for boys than girls, less anxiety/distress later
○ Sluggishness -> more for girls than boys, more anxiety/distress later

Question 6

Hoff & Naigles research question

Answer 6

Systematic review suggested that word learning is not simply a product of social interaction so what if we pay attention to what’s being said?

Question 7

Hoff & Naigles Method

Answer 7

Looked at mom and child during joint association

Question 8

Hoff & Naigles Discussion

Answer 8

Longer maternal MLU’s (mean length utterance) -> Larger child vocabularies
● Mechanism?
○ Depth-of-processing increased by increase in descriptive information
○ Allows children to gain more info about word meaning
(semantic knowledge)