quiz week 11 pt2 Flashcards
Kiel Mutiny
was a major revolt by sailors of the German High Seas Fleet on 3 November 1918. The revolt triggered the German revolution which was to sweep aside the monarchy within a few days. It ultimately led to the end of the German Empire and to the establishment of the Weimar Republic.
Armenian genocide
was the Ottoman government’s systematic extermination of its minority Armenian subjects from their historic homeland in the territory constituting the present-day Republic of Turkey. It took place during and after World War I and was implemented in two phases: the wholesale killing of the able-bodied male population through massacre and forced labor, and the deportation of women, children, the elderly and infirm on death marches to the Syrian Desert.[7][8] The total number of people killed as a result has been estimated at between 1 and 1.5 million.
Woodrow Wilson
President during WWI came up with the 14 points
League of Nations
founded as a result of the Paris Peace Conference that ended the First World War. It was the first international organization whose principal mission was to maintain world peace.[1] Its primary goals, as stated in its Covenant, included preventing wars through collective security and disarmament, and settling international disputes through negotiation and arbitration.[2] Other issues in this and related treaties included labour conditions, just treatment of native inhabitants, human and drug trafficking, arms trade, global health, prisoners of war, and protection of minorities in Europe.
the “War Guilt Clause”
The Allied and Associated Governments affirm and Germany accepts the responsibility of Germany and her allies for causing all the loss and damage to which the Allied and Associated Governments and their nationals have been subjected as a consequence of the war imposed upon them by the aggression of Germany and her allies.
mandate system
A compromise made in the treaties that ended WW1, between Britain and France, keen to grab former German and Turkish colonies as spoils of war and the USA, willing to take over German possessions in the Pacific, but not liking the idea of extending other countries’ colonial empires.
So the fiction was invented that the League of Nations (the forerunner of the United Nations) would “entrust” such territories to the powers not as colonies but with a mandate to prepare them for eventual self-government. America was supposed to receive all of Eastern Turkey from which the Armenians had been ethnically cleansed, so as to encourage all survivers of the Armenian holocaust to return to, but when the Senate rejected membership of the League of Nations, it automatically rejected the mandate and the Turks reoccupied the former Armenian provinces. The British mandate in Palestine was supposed to hold a balance between its rival Arab and Zionist inhabitants but the latter took over in 1947, driving out the Brits with both US and Soviet help–the only occasion of early cold war cooperation, both hoping to take control of the Middle East once the Brits were gone. All other mandates were given independence soon after WW2: Syria, Iraq, Lebanon, the Cameroons, Papua New Guinea etc, except German SW Africa which remained South African territory into the 1980s.
Oswald Spengler, The Decline of the West
book that predicted that WWI would be the decline of western civ.
Mohandas Gandhi
preeminent leader of Indian nationalism in British-ruled India. Employing non-violent civil disobedience, Gandhi led India to independence and inspired movements for non-violence, civil rights and freedom across the world.
the Salt March
This was the most significant organized challenge to British authority since the Non-cooperation movement of 1920–22, and directly followed the Purna Swaraj declaration of independence by the Indian National Congress on January 26, 1930. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (commonly called Mahatma Gandhi) led the Dandi march from his base, Sabarmati Ashram near Ahmedabad, to the sea coast near the village of Dandi. As he continued on this 24 day, 240 mile (390 km) march to produce salt without paying the tax, growing numbers of Indians joined him along the way. When Gandhi broke the salt laws at 6:30 am on April 6, 1930, it sparked large scale acts of civil disobedience against the British Raj salt laws by millions of Indians.[1] The campaign had a significant effect on changing world and British attitude towards Indian independence[2][3] and caused large numbers of Indians to join the fight for the first time.
Indian National Congress
formed by high class british educated Hindus that formed a political party to nefotiate with the british.
satyagraha
Hold fast to the truth. goal was to convert the british to his views while strengthening unity and identity among his people
Amritsar massacre
took place in the Jallianwala Bagh public garden in the northern Indian city of Amritsar on 13 April 1919. The shooting that took place was ordered by Brigadier-General Reginald E.H. Dyer.
On Sunday, 13 April 1919, Dyer was convinced of a major insurrection and thus he banned all meetings. On hearing that a meeting of 15,000 to 20,000 people including women, children and the elderly had assembled at Jallianwala Bagh, Dyer went with fifty Gurkha riflemen to a raised bank and ordered them to shoot at the crowd. Dyer continued the firing for about ten minutes, until the ammunition supply was almost exhausted; Dyer stated that 1,650 rounds had been fired, a number which seems to have been derived by counting empty cartridge cases picked up by the troops.[1] Official British Indian sources gave a figure of 379 identified dead,[1] with approximately 1,100 wounded. The casualty number estimated by the Indian National Congress was more than 1,500, with approximately 1,000 dead.[2]
Government of India Act of 1921
lol i dunno
Pakistan (land of the pure)
Muslim partition of India
Young Turks
they found support in the Ottoman army and the administration to force the sultan to restore the constitution and remove him from power
