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PRINCIPLES > MICROBIOLOGY > Flashcards

MICROBIOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

when do some viruses get a lipid coat

A

exocytosis from host cell

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2
Q

illnesses of adenoviruses

A

conjunctivitis
pharyngitis
diarrhoea
pneumonia

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3
Q

stages of viral infection

A 
attachment
entry
uncoating
nucleic acid and protein synthesis
assembly
release
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4
Q

types of release

A

budding and lysis

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5
Q

antiviral targets

A

viral nucleic acids
viral integrase + protease
uncoating, attachment, entry and release

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6
Q

viruses causing cancers

A

HPV and HepB/HIV

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7
Q

asymptomatic viruses

A

rhinovirus/polovirus

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8
Q

mechanism of herpes simplex

A

reactive

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9
Q

classification of gastritis causing bacteria

A

microaerophilic spiral bacilli -

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10
Q

flu like bronchopneumonia bacteria

A

legionella (strict aerobic bacilli) -

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11
Q

neisseria gonorrheae and meningitidis classification

A

aerobic diplococci -

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12
Q

whooping cough bacteria

A

bordtella pertussis, small aerobic bacilli -

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13
Q

what does haemophilus influenzae cause

A

COPD exacerbation -

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14
Q

gut commensals

A

e. coli, klebsiella sp, proteus sp. (-)

enterococcus sp. (non haemolytic +)

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15
Q

gut pathogens

A

salmonella, shigella, E.coli 0157 -

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16
Q

3 clostridium +ve bacilli

A

tetanus, perfrigens (gangrene) difficile

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17
Q

closridium classification

A

+ve, anaerobic bacilli

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18
Q

aerobic cocci chains are…

A

streptococcus

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19
Q

aerobic cocci clusters are…

A

staphylococcus

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20
Q

beta haemolysis and types

A 
full haemolysis
group a (throat infection)
group b (neonatal meningitis)
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21
Q

gamma haemolysis and types

A

no haemolysis

enterococcus - gut commensal + UTIs

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22
Q

alpha haemolysis and types

A 
partial
strep pneumoniae (pneumococcus) and viridans (endocarditis)
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23
Q

presence of coagulase on coat means what for bacteria

A

more virulent

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24
Q

coagulase +ve

A

staph aureus

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25
Q

coagulase -ve

A

staph epidermis - skin commensal -> IV line infection

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26
Q

test for c. diff

A

GDH then toxins

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27
Q

c. diff treatment

A

bad - ORAL VANC

okay - ORAL METRONIDAZOLE

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28
Q

the 4 C’s

A

cephalosporins
clindamycin
co-amoxiclav
cpiroflaxin

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29
Q

key gut commensals

A 
clostridium sp.
enterococci
klebsiella sp.
candida
strep sp.
proteus sp. 
bacteriodes sp.
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30
Q

nasopharyngeal commensals

A

staph sp. - aureus epidermis
strep sp.
haemophilus sp.
neissera sp.

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31
Q

enterotoxin A causes

A

diarrohea

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32
Q

cytotoxin B causes

A

inflammation

33
Q

5 Is

A 
inhalation
ingestion
inoculation
intercourse 
mother to infant
34
Q

endotoxin is…

A

+ve

part of cell wall

35
Q

exotoxin is…

A

-ve

exported by cell waall

36
Q

how are penicillins excreted

A

renal

37
Q

indications for penicillin

A

soft tissue and wounds

38
Q

penicillins and spectrum

A

flucloxacillin - +ve
amoxicillin - both
co-amoxiclav - both DONT USE
temocillin - -ve

39
Q

cephalosporin example

A

ceftriaxone

40
Q

cephalosproin uses

A

CAP, abdominal infection and complex UTIs

41
Q

glycopeptides examples

A

vancomycin and teicoplanin

42
Q

what type of microorganisms do glycopeptides target

A

clostridium sp.
s. aureus
bacillus
enterococci

43
Q

gentomicin is an…

A

aminoglycoside

44
Q

what can gentomicin damage

A

kidneys and CNVIII - dizzy and deaf

45
Q

gent targets…

A

-ve coliforms

46
Q

doxycycline is a…

A

tetracycline

47
Q

tetracylcine side effect

A

< 12 years - stains teeth

48
Q

caution tetracyclines in

A

PREG

49
Q

macrolide examples

A

ezithromycin
clarithromycin
azithromycin

50
Q

property of macrolides

A

lipophillic

51
Q

metronidazole treats what types of infection

A

anaerobes and protozoa

52
Q

which antibiotic is contrindicates alcohol

A

metronidazole

53
Q

trimethoprim is used in what infections

A

acute UTIs
resp infections
acne
+ve and-ve

54
Q

fluoroquinolones cause which side effects

A

seizures and weak tenons

55
Q

fluoroquinolones examples

A

ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin

56
Q

HGT pathways

A

transformation (death)
transduction (virus)
conjugation (sex pilli)

57
Q

how is MRSA resistant

A

change in bacterial DNA therefore drug target

58
Q

antibiotic resistance pathways

A

change in bacterial DNA
enzymes attack/block - beta lactamases
spores, biofilms and persistors - structural

59
Q

assessing CAP

A 
CURB65
confusion
urea >7moll
RR>30
BP<90/60
>65 yrs
60
Q

mild CAP treat with

A
  1. amoxicillin

2. Doxy/clarith(no oral access or preg)

61
Q

severe CAP treatment

A
  1. co-amoxiclav IV, doxy PO

2. levofloxacin IV + doxy PO

62
Q

mild HAP

A

amox PO + metronidazole

63
Q

severe HAP

A

amox IV, metronidazole and gent

64
Q

mucoid sputum

A

chlamydia psittaci

65
Q

pigeon lung pneumonia treatment

A

doxy or clarith

66
Q

farm animal pneumonia

A

coxiella burnetti

67
Q

leigonella treatment

A

fluroquinolone

68
Q

immunosupressed pneumonia commoon is

A

pneumocytis jirovecri

69
Q

red jelly sputum

A

klebsiella pneumonia

70
Q

klebsiella treatment

A

ceftoxamine

71
Q

TB treatment

A

2 RIPE 4 RI

72
Q 
Rifampicin 
izoniazid 
pyrazidamine
ethanobutamol 
SIDE EFFECTS
A

orange fluids
neuropathy
joint pain
colourblind

73
Q

FROM JANE

A

fever
roth spots
oslers nodes
murmur

janeway leisons
aneamia
nailbed haemorrhage
emboli

74
Q

how many blood cultures for endocarditis

A

3

75
Q

drug users Flee

A

flucloxacillin IV

76
Q

prosthetic valves give Very Good Rhythm

A

Vanc
Gent
Rifampacin

77
Q

native valves - you’ve Already Got

A

amoxicillin

gentamicin

78
Q

viridans - Be Green on agar

A

Benzylpenicillin

gentamicin

79
Q

enterococcus - All Germs ENTER the body

A

amoxicillin

gent

PRINCIPLES (11 decks)

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