CMD - HypO2xia

Question 1

During hypoxia, systemic arterioles dilate by opening your _____ channels due to hypoxia induced reduction in ATP concentration

Answer 1

K-ATP channels

Question 2

True of effects of hypoxia on CNS EXCEPT
a. affects the higher center
b. hypoxia causes impaired judgment, motor incoordinaton, resembling acute alcoholic intoxication
c. Cause of death from high altitude cerebral edema is primarily cardiac
d. Pulmonary arterial
and venous constriction causes capillary leakage and high altitude pulmonary edema
(HAPE), intensifies hypoxia furthering the promotion of vasoconstriction

Answer 2

C; primarily respiratory

Question 3

True of effects of hypoxia to cardiovascular system

a. increase in myocardial contractility
b. depressed myocardial contractility
c. both
d. neither

Answer 3

C; transiently increase myocardial contracility, later on depressed

Question 4

When hypoxia occurs during respiratory faliure, the following statements are true EXCEPT

a. PaO2 declines and hemoglobin dissociation curve is displaced to the left
b. greater O2 is released in tissue
c. arterial hypoxemia present with cyanosis
d. NOTA

Answer 4

A; shift to the right

Question 5

most common cause of hypoxia

Answer 5

V/Q mismatch resulting from poorly ventilated alveoli

Question 6

direction of intrapulmonary shunting resulting to perfusion of nonventilated portions of the lung

Answer 6

intrapulmonary right to left shunting

Question 7

Itrapulmonary right to left shunting can be observed in these 2 conditions

Answer 7

pulmonary atelectasis

pulmonary arteriovenous connections

Question 8

Hypoxia secondary to high altitude ascends rapidly to ______m

Answer 8

3,000

Question 9

High altitude illness develop at an elevation of _____

Answer 9

3,000 ft; asscends rapidly

Question 10

reduction of oxygen content of inspired air in high altitude illness leads to

Answer 10

decrease alveolar PO2

Question 11

level of PO2 in high altitude illness

Answer 11

60mmHg below

Question 12

at this altitude, normal function of arterial saturation ceases due to changes of CNS function

Answer 12

5,000m

Question 13

this condition resembles intrapulmonary right to left shunting but is caused by congenital cardiac malformations such as TOF TGA and EIsenmenger’s syndrome

Answer 13

Hypoxia secondary to R to L extrapulmonary shunting

Question 14

reduction in hgb concentration of the blood is accompanied by a corresponding decline the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood

Answer 14

anemic hypoxia

Question 15

COHb shifts the HB-O2 dissociation curve to the

a. left
b. right

Answer 15

A; oxygen is unloaded only at lower tensions, contributing to tissue hypoxia

Question 16

PaO2 is usually normal but venous and tissue PO2 values are reduced as a consequence of (2)

Answer 16

reduced tissue perfusion

greater tissue O2 extraction

Question 17

True of improper oxygen utilization EXCEPT

a. cyanide can cause cellular hypoxia
b. in cyanide posoning, tissues are unable to use oxygen
c. cellular hypoxia is also known as histotoxic hypoxia
d. AOTA
e. NOTA

Answer 17

E

Question 18

Location of chemosensitive cells dectecting hypoxia

Answer 18

carotid bodies

aortic bodies

Question 19

stimulation of aortic and carotid bodies by hypoxia _____ ventilation with ____ of CO2 leading to respiratory _____

a. increase, decrease, alkalosis
b. increase, decrease,, acidosis
c. decrease, increase, acidosis
d. decrease, increase, alkalosis

Answer 19

A

Question 20

Effect of respiratory alkalosis and lactic acidosis to bicarbonate level

Answer 20

decline

Question 21

important compensatory mechanism for chronic hypoxia is

Answer 21

increase in hgb concentration and in number of RBC in circulating blood