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Splinting > Heat > Flashcards

Heat Flashcards

1
Q

Thermal agents fall into 2 categories:

A
  1. superficial

2. deep heating agents

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2
Q

Superficial heat reaches the depth at … ?

A

1 cm

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3
Q

Superficial heating agents primarily increase … ?

A

skin and subcutaneous tissues only

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4
Q

Examples of superficial heating agents?

A

hot pack, paraffin, whirlpool & Fluidotherapy

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5
Q

Heating Effects: (6)

A
  1. Pain relief
  2. general relaxation
  3. increased blood flow
  4. increased extensibility of collagen tissue
  5. Increased ROM
  6. decrease muscle spasm
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6
Q

T/F Heating inflamed and edematous limbs may make inflammation and edema worse?

A

TRUE

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7
Q

Heat produces mild inflammation and causes tissue to release chemical mediators to promote …

A

Vasodilation

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8
Q

The increased ultra-filtration and membrane permeability result in … ?

A

outward fluid flow into intercellular spaces = increasing blood flow to tissues

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9
Q

Increased tissue temperature also leads to .. ?

A

increased metabolism, energy expenditure, chemical activity & theoretically more nutrients which promotes tissue healing

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10
Q

Collagen has an … quality when under stress

A

elastic

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11
Q

If stress is maintained for a long time the tension is … ?

A

Released slightly

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12
Q

If structures are heated while applying a stretch the elongation is … ?

A

Increased

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13
Q

Why must activity/ ROM follow heat application?

A

Since elevated temp without stress has no residual impact on tissue

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14
Q

What degree is best to stretch?

A

112-113 F (114+ is TOO HOT)

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15
Q

What is the basic Law of Heat?

A

Heat moves into Cold

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16
Q

What is needed between the agent and the body for the therapeutic effects to occur?

A

sufficient temperature difference

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17
Q

3 Types of Heat?

A

Conduction, Convection and Conversion

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18
Q

Conduction is the transfer of heat between two bodies that are in … ?

A

DIRECT CONTACT (EX). heating pad

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19
Q

Convection is the transfer of heat between two objects that are in contact where one object is … ?

A

flowing around relative to the other object (EX). Whirlpool

20
Q

Conversion occurs via … ?

A

the conversion of energy to heat (EX). ultrasound

21
Q

CONTRAINDICATIONS TO HEAT:

A
  1. Impaired skin sensation
  2. impaired vascular supply
  3. arterial disease
  4. bleeding disorder
  5. recent or potential hemorrhage
  6. inflammatory conditions
  7. malignancies
  8. very old/young
  9. infections
  10. Pregnancies
  11. If Icy-hot/ Bengay was applied
  12. edema
  13. recent wound or tendon repair
  14. open wounds, burn wounds or recent grafts
22
Q

How many layers are needed between heat and skin?

A

8-10

23
Q

Check on you patient after X and then check every X minutes.

A

3, then every 4 minutes

24
Q

If heat is applied too long, what may happen?

A

the body temp, respiratory and pulse increases. also decreased BP

25
Q

With repeated strong doses of heat, what may happen?

A

erythema abigne = red mottles pigmentation

26
Q

What may cause edema with heat?

A

Capillary pressure and cell permeability

27
Q

Advantage of Hot Pack?

A

They become cooler with treatment (less of a risk of burning)

28
Q

Disadvantage of Hot Pack?

A
  1. Hot pack can be heavy which may aggravate the condition

2. The area treated is not visible (skin is harder to monitor)

29
Q

Paraffin is what type of Heat?

A

Conduction

30
Q

Never use Paraffin with what type of injury?

A

Open Wound

31
Q

T/F Paraffin is able to to deliver as much heat per gram as water - and Y do we are?

A

False, since paraffin temp is higher than recommended temp for patients

32
Q

Paraffin is specifically helpful for what?

A

Specific Joint Tightness

33
Q

Advantage of Paraffin?

A
  1. It has uniformity of circumferential heating
  2. useful for Distal Extremities
  3. Softens skin and scars
34
Q

Explain the Continuous Immersion Technique

A

7 dip immersions then the patient’s hand is allowed to cool to form a coating. The hand is then re-submerged continuously for 15 minutes

35
Q

Explain Dip Immersion without Wrapping

A

Patient dips hand 10-12 times to form a glove and then is wrapped in wax paper/ plastic bag. A towel is wrapped around everything. The heat will hold for about 15 minutes

36
Q

Disadvantages of Paraffin

A
  1. heat may be excessive and the temp cannot be lowered
  2. messy
  3. movements must be minimized
37
Q

Indications for Paraffin

A
  1. Subacute and chronic traumatic or inflammatory conditions such as arthritis
  2. Hand Trauma
  3. Burn Contractures
38
Q

Contraindications for Paraffin

A

NO open wounds

39
Q

Is Jewelry allowed for any heat treatment?

A

no

40
Q

Whirlpool allow for?

A

a convenient source of superficial heat that provides wound cleansing

41
Q

How to apply whirlpool?

A

hand is immersed in water 102-104 for 20 minutes

Movements can be done in the water

42
Q

Precautions for Whirlpool

A
  1. edema may increase from the dependent position of the extremity
  2. Because of the lower temp than what is typically recommended NOT the best choice for stretching goals
43
Q

Fluidotherapy is what type of heat?

A

Convection

44
Q

How to apply Fluidotherapy?

A

the hand is immersed in a machine with a grainy medium that circulates by blowing hot air. Treatment is 15-20 minutes. Movement is allowed

45
Q

Contrat Baths are typically used for .. ?

A

Pain relief for RSD

46
Q

What are Contrast Baths? + it’s ratio?

A

alteration application of hot and cold generally applied by the distal extremities. The Ration is 3:1 (Hot-Cold)

47
Q

Purpose of Contrast Bath?

A

increase blood flow by opening up the collateral circulation

Splinting (4 decks)

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