Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Radiology Sem 2 > Positioning Test #3 Spines > Flashcards

Positioning Test #3 Spines Flashcards

1
Q

What is the patient position for the AP axial projection for c-spine?

A
  • Pt supine or upright

- Extend patients chin slightly to avoid superimposition mandible and cervical vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Central ray for AP axial c-spine?

A

15-20 degrees cephalic entering c4 (Adams apple) midsagittal plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Structures shown for AP axial c-spine

A
  • Lower 5 cervical vertebrae
  • Area from c3-T2
  • Open intervertebral disk spaces
  • Mandible superimposed over atlas
  • Spinous process aligned with midline of cervical bodies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Why do we typically do the AP axial projection for c-spine at 40 inches?

A

To reduce dose of thyroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Patient position for AP c-spine

A
  • Patient open moth as wide as they can
  • Head drawn down enough where there is a line drawn from the lower edge of upper incisors to tip of the mastoid process to be perpendicular
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where is the IR for the AP projection of c-spine?

A

Level of C2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the central ray for the AP projection of c-spine?

A

Perpendicular to midpoint of the mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is another name for the AP projection of the c-spine?

A

(Open mouth) (adontoid or dens)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are structures shown for the AP (atlas and axis) projection for c-spine?

A

Dens

  • atlas and axis projected through the open mouth
  • C1-C2 articulation (checks for lateral displacement)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the C1 articulation for the AP projection of c-spine?

A

Atlas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does C1 articulation do in terms of the purpose?

A

Holds up the head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is C2 articulation in the AP projection for c-spine?

A

Axis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the purpose of seeing C2 on the AP projection of the c-Spine?

A

Rotation occurs here

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the patient position for the lateral right and left (grandy method)?

A

Patient in true lateral with the effected shoulder rested on IR with shoulders depressed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where should the top of the light of the IR be for the lateral (grandy method) projection for c-spine?

A

1 in above the EAM(external auditory meatus) (top of ear)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the breathing technique for the lateral (grandy method) projection for c-spine?

A

Suspend respiration on full exhalation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the central ray for the lateral (grandy) projection of the c-spine?

A

Horizontal and perpendicular to C4 (right behind ear)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Structures shown for the lateral (grandy) projection of the c-spine?

A
  • All C7 cervical vertebrae with spinous process in profile
  • mandible not superimposed over C1-C2
  • open intervertebral disk spaces
  • zygophyseal joint spaces
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does the lateral (grandy) projection of the C-spine good for demonstrating specifically?

A

The zygopophyseal joints with 2 vertebrae :

1) inferior articulate facet
2) superior articulate facet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the patients position for the hyperflexion for the lateral c-spine?

A

Draw chin close to the chest as possible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the patients position for the hyperextension position for the lateral c-spine?

A

Elevate the chin as much as possible and extend the head back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the reason we do the lateral (hyperflexion/hyperextension) for the c-spine?

A

Demonstrates the mobility and lordotic curvature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the central ray for the lateral (hyperflexion/hyperextension) c-spine projection?

A

Horizontal and perpendicular to c-4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are structures shown for the lateral (hyperflexion) for c-spine?

A

Spinous processes separates and elevated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are the structures shown for the lateral (hyperextension) c-spine projection?

A

Spinous processes depressed (narrow/close together)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are the structures shown for the lateral (hyperflexion/hyperextension) c-spine projection?

A
  • Demonstrated normal movement of an absence of movement from trauma of diseases
  • demos all C-7
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the patient position for the AP axial oblique (RPO/LPO) projection of the c-spine?

A
  • Body roared 45 degrees in RPO or LPO

- patient look straight ahead and elevate the chin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Where is the central ray for the AP axial (RPO/LPO) projection for c-spine?

A

15-20 degrees cephalic entering C4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the breathing technique for the AP axial (RPO/LPO) c-spine?

A

Suspend respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What are the structures shown for the AP axial (RPO/LPO) c-spine?

A
  • open intervertebral foramina farthest from film
  • open intervertebral disk spaces
  • all C7
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Where are the intervertebral foramina locates when viewing the AP axial (RPO/LPO) c-spine?

A

On the side farthest from the IR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Where are the vertebral foramina demonstrates when viewing the PA axial (RAO/LAO) c-spine?

A

On the side closest to IR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is the patient position for the PA axial (RAO/LAO) c-spine?

A
  • Prone, recumbent, or supine
  • Patient rotated 45 degrees into RAO or LAO
  • chin elevated slightly and protrude the mandible
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is the central ray for the PA axial (LAO/RAO) for the c-spine?

A

15-20 degeees caudad entering C4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What are the structures shown for the PA axial (LAO/RAO) c-spine?

A
  • open intervertebral foramina closest to IR
  • open intervertebral disk spaces
  • all C1-C7 to T1
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Which oblique for the PA axial (RAO/LAO) demonstrates the right intervertebral foramina?

A

RAO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Which oblique in the PA axial (RAO/LAO) of c-spine demonstrates the left intervertebral foramina?

A

LAO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What view of the c-spine cannot be done if there is a suspected cervical fracture or if the patient has a trauma collar on?

A

AP (Fuchs method) (dens)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What is the patient position for the AP (Fuchs) (dens) c-spine projection?

A

Extend chin so the chin and mastoid process are perpendicular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What is the central ray for the AP (Fuchs method) (dens) c-spine projection?

A

Perpendicular entering distal to the top of chin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What are the structures shown for the AP (Fuchs method) (dens) is the c-spine?

A
  • dens within the foramen magnum
  • demos thought foramen magnum (where the spinal cord goes through)
  • used to get the full adontaoid in view
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What view for c-spines do we always do 1st on patients when there is a trauma for a severe injury where there may be cervical collars on patient?

A

Cross table lateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

How many vertebrae are there?

A

12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

In the AP projection for the T-spine, what is the patient position?

A

-flex knees, feet flat on table, patient upright or supine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What is the central ray for the AP projection of the T-spine?

A

Perpendicular half way vwteeen the jugular notch and Xiphoid process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Where is the IR for the AP projection of this T-spine?

A

To T7, (3-4 in distal to jugular notch) or 1 1/2 -2in abode shoulders for top of IR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What is the breathing technique for the AP projection of T-spine?

A

After full exhalation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Why do we do the AP projection of the T-spine of full exhalation?

A

Gets the lungs in view

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What is the structures shown for the AP projection of the T-spine?

A
  • all 12 thoracic vertebrae
  • T7 in the center
  • spinous process centered
  • transverse process
  • intervertebral disk spaces
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

What do flexing the knees do for the AP projection of the T-spine?

A

Reduces some curvature in spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

For a more uniform density for the t-spine projections, what can be used in place?

A

The anode heel affect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

What is the patient position for the lateral projection of the T-spine?

A

Patient in true lateral with either right or left arm up with head rested on shoulder to the long axis of the vertebral column

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

What is the central ray ray for the lateral projection of T-spine?

A

Perpendicular to T7 and posterior half of thorax(at shoulder blade) and top of IR 1 1/2-2in above relaxed shoulders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

What is the breathing technique for the lateral projection of T-spine?

A

On full exhalation or using a technique of low ma and high seconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

What are the structures shown for thnkaterak projection of T-spine?

A
  • all 12 thoracic vertebrae (T3-T12)
  • shoulders may be obscured over vertebrae
  • spinous processes
  • no superimposition of ribs
  • intervertebral foramina
  • open intervertebral disk spaces
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

What can be used for the lateral projection of the T-spine to improve quality and attenuate scatter radiation?

A

A lead blocker/strip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Which lateral (R or L) Of the T-spine will minimize the heart magnification and overlapping of heart on spine?

A

Left lateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

What joint will be shown in the oblique projections of T-sounds?

A

Zygoapophyseal joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

What must be done if the patient measures over 100 in the lateral projection of the T-spine?

A

Use the 25% rule ( reduce by 15% (.85) and double mAs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

What is the function of the L-spine?

A

Supports most of the body weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

What is the patient position for the AP projection of the L-spine?

A

Supine with hips and knees flexed with soles of feet on the table

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

What does flexing the knees and hips do to help in the AP projection of the L-spine?

A

Reduces the lordotic curvature of the lumbar region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

What is the central ray for the AP projection of the L-spine?

A

1) for a 14x17 lumbar and sacrum only: Perpendicular to level of the iliac crest (L4)
2) for an 11x14 lumbar only: perpendicular 1/2in above the crests(L3)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

What are the structures shown for the AP projection of the L-spine?

A
  • all 5 lumbar vertebrae
  • open intervertebral disk spaces
  • transverse process
  • spinous processes centered
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

What does the PA projection of the L-spine specifically do that the AP projection doesn’t?

A

Significantly recuses gonadal dose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

What is the breathing technique for the AP projection of the L-spine?

A

End of expiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

What is the patient position for the lateral projection of the L-spine?

A

Patient in true lateral with knees and hips flexed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

What is the central ray for the lateral projection of the L-spine?

A

Center IR to midcoronal plane, level iliac crests for 14x17

For lumbar spine only… perpendicular to midcoronal plane , 1 1/2in above crests(L3) for an 11x14

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

What can be done to the central ray if the spine for the L-spine isn’t horizontal?

A

Angle the tube 5-10 degrees caudad

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

What can be used for the lateral projection of the L-spine to help reduce scatter?

A

Less strip

71
Q

What are the structures shown for the lateral projection of the L-spine?

A
  • all 5 lumbar vertebrae
  • open intervertebral disk spaces
  • spinous processes in profile
  • open intervertebral foramina
72
Q

What is the patient position for the L5-S1 (lumboscaral juncrion) (cone down) lateral projection of the L-spine?

A

Patient in true lateral (usually left) with knees and hips extended

73
Q

Where is the central ray for the L5-S1 (lumbosacral junction) (cone down) lateral projection of the L-spine?

A

Perpendicular sling coronal plane, 2in posterior to ASIS and 1 1/2in inferior to iliac crests (if horizontal)

74
Q

What is the tube angle for the L5-S1 (lumboscaral junction) (cone down) lateral projection of the L-spine for males if their not horizontal?

A

5 degrees Caudad

75
Q

What is the tube angle for the L5-S1 (lumbosacral junction) (cone down) lateral projection of the L-spine for a male if they aren’t horizontal?

A

8 degrees caudad

76
Q

What is the breathing technique for the L5-S1 (lumbosacral junction) (cone down) lateral projection of the L-spine?

A

On respiration

77
Q

What are the structures shown for the L5-S1 ( lumbosacral junction) (cone down) lateral projection of the L-spine?

A
  • all lumbosacral joint (L5-S1)
  • all L5 and upper sacrum
  • marker
  • open intervertebral join spaces
78
Q

What is spondylothesis?

A

Slipping of the vertebrae (usually L5-S1)

79
Q

How do you help spondylothesis?

A

Will move forward over time, or can place a hardware to stabilize

80
Q

What is the patient position for the AP oblique (RPO/LPO) position for L-spine?

A

Pt supine rotated 45 degrees into an RPO or LPO position

81
Q

Where do you center the spine for an AP oblique (RPO/LPO) position for the L-spine?

A

Center spine to IR 2in medial to elevated ASIS

82
Q

Where is the central ray for the AP oblique (RPO/LPO) position of L-spine?

A

Perpendicular, 1 1/2in above crests at level of L3 and 2in medial to elevated ASIS

83
Q

What are the structures shown for the AP oblique (RPO/LPO) position of L-spine?

A
  • the 2 zygapophyseal joints (right and left) closest to IR (Scottie dogs)
  • both sides for comparison
84
Q

In the PA oblique (RAO/LAO) position for the L-spine, where are the zygapophyseal joints?

A

Farthest away from the IR are demonstrated

85
Q

Which oblique of the AP L-spine demonstrates the right side closest to the IR?

A

RPO

86
Q

Which oblique for the AP oblique of the L-spine demonstrates the left side?

A

LPO

87
Q

Which oblique of the L-spine will demonstrate the body part closest to the IR?

A

AP LPO and RPO

88
Q

In the PA oblique of the L-spine, which demonstrates the right side of the body?

A

LAO

89
Q

In the PA oblique of the L-spine, which demonstrates the the left side?

A

RAO

90
Q

What is the patient position for the lateral (weight bearing method) (flexion/extension) if that the patient is hyperflexion?

A

Patient standing, arms are outside of area of interest, patient bend forward as far as possible

91
Q

For the lateral (weight bearing method) (flexion/extension) of the L-spine, If thag patient is in hyperextension, what is their position?

A

Standing with arms out of the way of area of interest, bending backwards as far as possible

92
Q

What is the breathing technique for the lateral (weight bearing method) (flexion/extension) projection of the L-alone?

A

Suspend respiration

93
Q

What are the structures shown for the lateral (weight bearing method) (flexion/extension) projection of the L-spine?

A

All lower thoracic to sacrum (L5)

Mobility of intervertebral joints

94
Q

What projections of the L-spine are used for patients with early scoliosis and can determine the presence of any structural change when bending?

A

AP right and AP left bending positions

95
Q

What projections of the L-spine demonstrate the mobility of the intervertebral joints?

A

AP right and left (bending)

96
Q

What is Spina bifida?

A

When the spine doesn’t fuse in the back

97
Q

What is Spina bifida caused by?

A

By incomplete formation of neutral tube, vertebral column is not closed resulting in protrusions (bone doesn’t encase spinal cord)

98
Q

Why do we typically do SI joint projections?

A

When patients come due to arthritis, pain in legs, back, and any dislocations due to higher trauma.

99
Q

What is the patienntposition for the AP axial (Ferguson method) for SI joints?

A

Patient supine with legs extended

100
Q

What is the breathing technique for the AP axial (Ferguson method) projection of SI joints?

A

Respiration

101
Q

What is the central ray for the AP axial (Ferguson method) projection of SI joints for males?

A

30 degrees cephalic, entering midsagittal plane, 1 1/2in superior to pubis symphysis

102
Q

What is the central ray for the AP axial (Ferguson method) projection of the SI joints for females?

A

35 degrees cephalic, entering midsagittal plane, 1 1/2in superior to pubic symphysis

103
Q

What are the structures shown for the AP axial (Ferguson method) projection of SI joints?

A
  • Lumbosacral joint
  • L5 junction and sacrum
  • open L5-S1 intervertebral space
  • symmetrical image of sacroiliac joints free of superimposition
104
Q

What is the patient position for the AP oblique (RPO/LPO) projection of SI joints?

A

Supine, elevated side examined 25-30 degrees

105
Q

What is the central ray for the AP oblique (RPO/LPO) projection of the SI joints?

A

Perpendicular entering 1in medial go elevated side ASIS

106
Q

What is the breathing technique for the AP oblique (RPO/LPO) projection of the SI joints?

A

Respiration

107
Q

What are the structures shown for the AP oblique (RPO/LPO) projection of the SI joints?

A
  • open SI joint FARTHEST from IR
  • both sides examines to compare
  • entire joint space
108
Q

Which oblique of the SI joint will demonstrate the SI joints CLOSEST to the IR?

A

PA oblique (RAO/LAO)

109
Q

Which oblique of the SI joints will demonstrate the left side joint farthest from the Ir?

A

AP RPO

110
Q

Which oblique of the SI joint will demonstrate the joint right side farthest from the Ir?

A

AP LPO

111
Q

List four functions of the vertebral column

A
  1. And closes and protects the spinal cord
  2. Supports skull
  3. Provides attachments of ribs
  4. Acts as a support for trunk
112
Q

As viewed from the lateral aspect name the )superior to inferior) the four vertebral curvatures

A
  1. Cervical
  2. Thoracic
  3. Lumbar
  4. Pelvic
113
Q

State how vertebral curvatures are classified as either primary or secondary curvatures

A
  1. Primary curve formed before birth

2. Secondary curve forms after birth

114
Q

Need to vertebral curvatures that are classified as primary curvatures

A
  1. Thoracic

2. Pelvic

115
Q

Name the two vertebral curvatures that are classified as secondary curvatures

A
  1. Cervical

2. Lumbar

116
Q

What is the name of the opening formed by the vertebral artery in the body of a vertebra?

A

Vertebral foramen

117
Q

What other name refers to C1?

A

Atlas

118
Q

What other name refers to C2?

A

Axis

119
Q

What other name refers to C7?

A

Vertebral prominens

120
Q

What’s your typical vertebral parts are missing from the first cervical vertebra?

A

Body and spinous process

121
Q

How are the transverse processes of cervical vertebrae significantly different from those of other typical vertebrae?

A

Transverse processes are performed with transfers foramen

122
Q

What cervical vertebra has the dens?

A

Axis (C2)

123
Q

What other name refers to the dens?

A

Adontoid process

124
Q

How many cervical vertebrae are there in the vertebral column?

A

7

125
Q

With reference to the mid sagittal plane how do Zygapophyseal articulations of the cervical vertebrae open?

A

90 degrees

126
Q

With reference to the midsagittal plane, how do cervical intervertebral foramina open?

A

45 degrees anteriorly

127
Q

Which section of the vertebral column has costovertebral joints?

A

Thoracic

128
Q

Which section of the vertebral column has facets and Demi facets?

A

Thoracic

129
Q

Which bones articulate with the thoracic facets and Demi facets?

A

Ribs

130
Q

With reference to the midsagittal plane how do zygapophyseal articulations of the thoracic vertebrae open?

A

70 degrees anteriorly

131
Q

With reference to the midsagittal plane how do thoracic intervertebral foramina open?

A

90 degrees

132
Q

With reference to the midsagittal plane how do the zygapophyseal articulations of the lumbar vertebrae open?

A

30-50 degrees posteriorly

133
Q

With reference to the midsagittal plane how do lumbar intervertebral foramina open?

A

90 degrees

134
Q

What structure of the vertebral column articulates with both Ilia?

A

Sacrum

135
Q

With reference to the midsagittal plane how many degrees and in what direction do SI joints open?

A

25-30 degrees anteriorly

136
Q

What is this abbreviation?

EAM

A

External acoustic meatus

137
Q

What is this abbreviation?

HNP

A

Herniated nucleus pulposus

138
Q

What is this abbreviation?

OML

A

Orbitimeautal line

139
Q

For the swimmers technique for the C-spine it is performed when?

A

Shoulder superimposition of obscures C7 and lateral cervical spine or the lateral projection for the upper thoracic vertebrae is needed

140
Q

Which body plane should be centered To the midline of the grid for a C-spine?

A

Midcoronal

141
Q

With reference to the patient where should the IR centered for a C-spine?

A

C7-T1

142
Q

Describe the patients Arms and should be positioned for a swimmers review for the C-spine

A
  1. Elevated arm closer to IR
  2. Flex elbow
  3. Rest forearm on pt head
  4. Other arm extended along side of pt to depress shoulders
143
Q

Describe how the patients shoulders should be positioned in the Summers view for the C-spine

A
  1. Shoulder closest to IR rostered posteriorly

2. Other shoulder depressed and rotated anteriorly

144
Q

Listen the 2 ways that the patients respiration can be controlled for the swimmers view for the C-spine

A
  1. Stop breathing

2. Take shallow breaths

145
Q

Which two ways can the central ray be directed for the swimmers technique of the C-spine?

A
  1. Perpendicular

2. 3-5 degrees caudad

146
Q

When the patient is positioned recumbent where should the body be supported to maintain the long axis of the cervical thoracic vertebrae horizontal?

A

Lower thorax

147
Q

With reference to the patient to what specific location should the central ray be directed for a C-spine

A

Disk space of C7 and T1

148
Q

How many degrees in which direction should the central ray be directed for the Summersville for the C-alone?

A

5-15 degrees cephalic

149
Q

If the patient is supine what should be done to reduce the normal thoracic kyphosis of the patient and in an AP T-spine

A

Flex the patients hips and knees

150
Q

Which vertebra should be in the center of the collimator/IR for the AP T- spine

A

T7

151
Q

Where exactly on the anterior side of the patient’s chest should the central ray before the AP T- spine

A

Midway between jugular birch and Xiphoid process

152
Q

With reference to the patient where should the upper edge of the IR field be placed for the AP T-spine

A

1 1/2-2in above shoulders

153
Q

List two options for the patients respiration for the AP T-spine and explain why

A
  1. Breath normal= blurs our lungs and ribs

2. Suspend on exhalation= avoid motion

154
Q

Which part of the x-ray tube the anode or cathode should be positioned over the patient’s head for the AP T-spine?

A

Anode- greatest % radiation projected at thickest region

155
Q

For the supine patient of the T spine why should the patient’s head rest directly on the table?

A

To avoid accentuating kyphosis

156
Q

What should the radiographer do to ensure uniform brightness and contrast when performing a single image AP projection of the thoracic spine?

A

He’s compensating filter or the anode heel affect

157
Q

Why is it preferable to place a patient in the left lateral position instead of a right lateral position for the thoracic vertebrae?

A

Places the heart closer to the IR and minimizes overlapping of vertebrae and heart

158
Q

For the lateral recumbent position for the T spine what is the purpose of placing a firm pillow under the patient’s head?

A

Keeps the long axis of vertebral column horizontal

159
Q

To what level of the patient should the superior border of the IR be placed for the lateral T-spine projection?

A

1 1/2-2in above shoulders

160
Q

Which posterior body landmark coincides with T7 for centering IR for the lateral T-spine?

A

Inferior angle of scapula

161
Q

What is the purpose of placing a radioLucent support under the lower thoracic region when the patient is in the lateral recumbent position for the T spine?

A

Keeps long axis of vertebral column horizontal with the plane of IR

162
Q

How many degrees in which direction should the central ray be directed if the thoracis vertebrae are not parallel with the table when a female patient is in the lateral recumbent position for the T spine?

Male patient?

A

Females- 10 degrees cephalad

Males- 15 degrees cephalad

163
Q

If an angled central ray is used why should it be angled more for Men then women for the Lateral T-spine

A

Men usually have a larger shoulders

164
Q

With reference to the patient’s breathing when should the exposure be made for the lateral T spine projection?

A

Suspend expiration

165
Q

Why should’ve sheet of the lead Rubber be placed on the table posterior to the patient when the IR is exposed and the patient is in a lateral recumbent position of the T spine?

A

To prevent scatter radiation which means gives us a better image

166
Q

How can you be determined by looking at the ribs in the image that the patient was rotated in the Lateral T-spine projection?

A

The ribs are superimposed posteriorly

167
Q

What additional projection may be performed if the upper thoracic vertebrae are not well demonstrated with a routine lateral projection of the T spine?

A

Lateral swimmers

168
Q

How should the central ray be directed when the thoracic vertebrae are parallel with the plane of the IR for the T spine?

A

Perpendicular

169
Q

True/false :

I lead apron should be placed over the patient’s pelvis and a lateral projection of the T spine

A

True

170
Q

True/false:

The central ray should be directed to enter the posterior half of the thorax at the level of T7 of the lateral projection of the T-spine

A

True

171
Q

True/false:

Normal breathing by the patient reduces the amount of scatter radiation that reaches the I R and a lateral projection of the T spine

A

False ( technique serves to blur lungs)

172
Q

True/false:

Scattered radiation maybe cause the automatic exposure control system to terminate the exposure prematurely

A

True

173
Q

True/false: T-spines

If the exposure is terminated prematurely the vertebral bodies will appear to light in the image

A

True

174
Q

True/false:

The upper thoracic vertebrae specifically T1 and T2 are not usually demonstrated in the fall lateral view of the T spine

A

True

Radiology Sem 2 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions