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Chemistry❌ > SC8 > Flashcards

SC8 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the pH scale?

A

Its a measure of how acidic or alkaline a solution is.

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2
Q

How does the pH scale work?

A

Goes from 0-14.

Neutral is 7
Acidic is below 7
Alkaline is above 7

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3
Q

What is a base?

A

A substance that reacts with an acid to reduce salt and water.

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4
Q

What is an alkali?

A

It’s a base that is soluble in water.

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5
Q

What do alkalis form in water?

A

OH- ions.

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6
Q

What do acids form in water?

A

H+ ions

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7
Q

What is an indicator?

A

Its a dye that changes colour depending on whether its above or below a certain pH.

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8
Q

How do you use indicators?

A

Add a few drops to the solution you’re treating, then compare the colour the solution goes tot he pH chart for that indicator.

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9
Q

What are some indicators?

A

Universal
Litmus
Methyl orange
Phenolphthalein

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10
Q

What colours show acids on different indicators?

A

Universal - red
Litmus - red
Methyl orange - red
Phenolphthalein - colourless

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11
Q

What colours show alkalis on different indicators?

A

Universal - blue
Litmus - blue
Methyl orange - yellow
Phenolphthalein - pink

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12
Q

What colours show neutral on different indicators?

A

Universal - green
Litmus - blue
Methyl orange - yellow
Phenolphthalein - colourless

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13
Q

What is the reaction between an acid and a base called?

A

Neutralisation

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14
Q

What does a reaction between an acid and a base form?

A

Salt and water.

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15
Q

What happens to the ions at neutralisation?

A

The concentration of H+ ions is equal tot he concentration of OH- ions.

The pH is 7.

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16
Q

Name some common acids and their formula?

A

Hydrochloric - HCL
Sulfuric - H2SO4
Nitric - HNO3

Ethanoic - CH3COOH

17
Q

What does acids can ionise (or dissociate) in solution mean?

A

It means splitting up to produce a hydrogen ion.

H+ and another ion.

18
Q

What does a strong acid mean?

A

Ionise almost completely in water.

19
Q

What are some examples of strong acids?

A

Sulfuric
Hydrochloric
Nitric

20
Q

What does a weak acid mean?

A

It hasn’t fully ionised in solution.

21
Q

What are some examples of weak acids?

A

Ethanoic
Citric
Carbonic

22
Q

What does acid strength tell you?

A

What proportion of the acid molecules ionise in water.

23
Q

What type of reaction is the ionisation of a weak acid?

A

Reversible reaction

This sets up an equilibrium - since only a few of the acid particles release H+ ions the equilibrium lies to the left.

24
Q

What does the concentration of an acid measure?

A

How much acid there is in a litre (1dm3) of water.

25
Q

What is a concentrated acid?

A

An acid with a large number of acid molecules compared to the volume of water.

26
Q

What is a dilute acid?

A

An acid with a small number of acid molecules compared to the volume of water.

27
Q

What type of reaction forms a salt?

A

A neutralisation reaction.

28
Q

What is formed when an acid reacts with a metal oxide?

A

Salt

Water

29
Q

What is formed when an acid reacts with a metal hydroxide?

A

Salt

Water

30
Q

What is formed when an acid reacts with a metal?

A

Salt

Hydrogen

31
Q

What’s the test for hydrogen?

A

Hydrogen makes a squeaky pop when a lighted splint is put in the test tube.

32
Q

What is formed when an acid reacts with a metal carbonate?

A

Salt
Water
Carbon dioxide

33
Q

What’s the test for carbon dioxide?

A

Bubbling limewater through it.

If CO2 is present the limewater turns cloudy.

Chemistry❌ (11 decks)

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