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Orthopedics and Rheum > Low Back Pains, Sprains, and Strains > Flashcards

Low Back Pains, Sprains, and Strains Flashcards

1
Q

Acute onset

A

associated w/ one specific mechanism of injury

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2
Q

Chronic onset

A

overuse injuries, degenerative, and/or postural abnormalities/deficiencies (typing)

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3
Q

Which is worse acute or chronic?

A

acute

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4
Q

What persists despite changes in spine position

A

pain from inflammation

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5
Q

What varies depending upon spine positioning and can be relieved or exacerbated

A

pain of mechanical nature

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6
Q

What 5 things should a physical exam have?

A 
Inspection
Palpation
ROM
Neurologic Evaluation
Reflexes
Special tests
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7
Q

What 4 things compromise Inspection?

A

Spine curvature
Position of shoulders and pelvis should be level
Soft tissue symmetry
Skin markings

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8
Q

What 5 things should be palpated

A 
Spinous processes
Pelvic iliac crest
Sacroiliac joints
Ischial tuberosity
Greater trochanters
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9
Q

What 4 things should ROM test?

A

Forward flexion
Extension
Lateral bending
Rotation

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10
Q

Where does the sciatic nerve run?

A

through greater sciatic foramen under piriformis muscle. Between the greater trochanter and ischial tuberosity

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11
Q

What causes increased back pain, but has relief w/ flexion?

A

spinal stenosis

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12
Q

L4 dermatome

A

medial side of lower leg

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13
Q

L5 dermatome

A

lateral leg and dorsum of foot

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14
Q

S1 dermatome

A

lateral malleolus, lateral and plantar surface of foot

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15
Q

S2 dermatome

A

outer anal ring

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16
Q

S3 dermatome

A

middle anal ring

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17
Q

S4/5 dermatome

A

inner anal ring

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18
Q

What is a positive Babinski test?

A

great toe extends while other toes flex and splay

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19
Q

What is a positive Clonus test?

A

on releasing the foot, if “beats” over 3-5x before settling into rest

20
Q

What test is used to test for problems in sciatic nerve or hamstring tightness?

A

straight leg raise

21
Q

Who has an increase incidence of low back pain?

A

35-55 yo

22
Q

What is the second most common reason for office visits?

A

low back pain

23
Q

What is the #1 reason for missed work?

A

low back pain

24
Q

What is the most common site of bony metastasis?

A

spine

25
Q

What is the biggest differential ddx for low back pain?

A

mechanical (97%)

lumbar sprain/strain-70%

26
Q

T/F is imaging needed?

A

NO!!

27
Q

A normal cervical spine has what type of curve?

A

lordotic curve

28
Q

Hyperextension- hyperflexion of the neck?

A

whiplash

29
Q

What is the first line of imagining for low back pain?

A

Plain film xray

30
Q

What can lessened the lordotic curve?

A

muscular spasm or nerve root impingement

31
Q

What can increase lordotic curve?

A

poor posture and muscle weakness

32
Q

C7 dermatome

A

middle and extension

33
Q

C8 dermatome

A

ring and small finger

34
Q

What ligament is torn in whiplash?

A

torn nucal ligament

35
Q

What is spinal cord damage frequently associated with?

A

lower cervical spine fractures

36
Q

T/F a Rectal exam should be done with cervical injuries?

A

True

37
Q

When can you only see a clear C-spine?

A

on a sober/coherent patient

38
Q

What is the most common cervical root compression?

A

6

39
Q

What is the most common cervical root compression?

A

6

40
Q

What is Hoffman’s sign?

A

“Babinski of the upper extremity” -flick nail of middle finger

41
Q

What is wrist clonus?

A

series of quick alternating movements of flexion and extension at the wrist

42
Q

How is thoracic outlet syndrome diagnosed?

A

Adson’s test

43
Q

What is a positive test for Adson’s test?

A

diminished radial pulse, numbness and tingling

44
Q

What most commonly cause Torticollis?

A

drugs

45
Q

What is the txt for Torticollis?

A

physical therapy

stretching exercises/ massage

Orthopedics and Rheum (4 decks)

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