Exam 3 Flashcards
how did the Battle of Britain affect Hitler’s plans for WWII?
his failed invasion forced him to turn his focus to the USSR
What was an effect of President Franklin Roosevelt’s term with regards to WWII?
- he pulled America out of the Great Depression
- he built up the American war machine
- the U.S. entered the war during his term
why were the Americans able to carry out bombing campaigns in the daytime?
the B-17 bombers had better armor than British planes
why did Hitler break the Nazi-Soviet Pact by invading the Soviet Union?
- he had imperial ambitions in the Soviet Union
- he was fiercely anti-Communism and wanted to eradicate it
T/F: Stalin and the Soviet Union joined the Western Allies after Hitler broke the Nazi-Soviet Pact
true
how was the Red Army able to turn the tide against the Nazis in the Soviet Union?
the harsh Russian winter set in and many of the Nazi invaders died
where did D-Day take place?
Normandy, France
How were the Western Allies able to successfully invade on D-Day?
they faked an invasion elsewhere to draw off the bulk of the German forces
which of these was the last major German offensive campaign of WWII?
Battle of the Bulge
who was the supreme commander of Western Allied forces in WWII?
Dwight Eisenhower
Why had the Western Allies bombed Dresden so heavily?
- it was a major center of German culture
- the allies wanted to break the German spirit and force their surrender
- it was full of refugees from the rest of devastated Germany
why was there an internal plot to assassinate Hitler?
his generals wanted to spare the German people from any more suffering
which event marked the beginning of WWII in the Pacific?
Japanese invasion of Manchuria
what caused the United States to enter WWII?
Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor in 1941
why did the U.S. decide to use atomic weapons against the Japanese in 1945?
- a conventional invasion of Japan was expected to result in more lives lost
- it was clear that the Japanese government wasn’t going to surrender
what were the effects of WWII?
- many countries and their economies were devastated
- rapid development of new technologies
- refugee crisis
why did Stalin have the upper hand at the Yalta Conference?
he had completed his objective of reaching Berlin before the Western Allies did
what were the agreements at the Yalta Conference?
- zones of occupation in Germany
- a pro-Soviet buffer between the Soviet Union and Germany
- free democratic elections in Eastern Europe
how did Stalin get his reparations from Germany following WWII?
he packed up factories in East Germany and moved them to the Soviet Union
T/F: Stalin prevented the free elections from happening by installing his own pro-Soviet political leaders in Eastern Europe
true
define the Cold War
communist dictatorship vs. capitalist democracy
containment
how did President Truman plan to “get tough” with the Soviet Union?
containment
promised American aid to any country that was at risk of falling to Communism
Truman Doctrine
provided American aid to any European country recovering from WWII
Marshall Plan
The United States formed this as a collective defense against the Soviet offense
NATO
what were the “tense moments” of the Cold War we discussed?
- Berlin Airlift
- Korean War
- Cuban Missile Crisis
why did the Soviet Union blockade movement in the city of Berlin?
East Germans were using West Berlin to escape
How did the Western Allies respond to the Soviet blockade of Berlin?
Berlin Airlift
Where was Korea divided following WWII?
38th parallel
why did Communist North Korea invade “republican” South Korea?
to reunite the two Koreas into one country
Why did China enter the Korean War?
- the U.S./ United Nations forced moved past the dividing point of the Koreas
- they had imperial ambitions in both Koreas
what was McCarthyism?
sensationalist fear of Communist subversives in the United States
in what year was the Berlin Wall torn down?
1989
the postwar conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union
Cold War
American policy of preventing the spread of Communist rule
Truman Doctrine
American plan for providing economic aid to Europe to help it rebuild
Marshall Plan
an anti-Soviet military alliance of Western nations
NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)
countries whose military (or economic) might dwarfed that of other countries
superpowers
the belief that government in some areas of the world locks other nations into underdevelopment
dependency theory
the belief that all countries evolved in a linear progression from traditional to mature
modernization theory
the use of trade barriers to keep certain products out of one’s country so that domestic industry can emerge and produce the same goods
import substitution industrialization (ISI)
a movement within the Catholic Church to support the poor in situations of exploitation that emerged with particular force in Latin America in the 1960s
liberation theology
political party in colonial India that advocated for a separate Muslim homeland after independence
Muslim League
a modernizing, secular, and nationalist project of nation building aimed at economic development and the development of a strong military
Arab socialism
created in 1964, a loose union of Palestine refugee groups opposed to Israel and united in the goal of gaining Palestinian home rule
Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)
Mao Zedong’s acceleration of Chinese development in which industrial growth was to be based on small-scale backyard workshops run by peasants living in gigantic self-contained communes
Great Leap Forward
a movement launched by Mao Zedong that attempted to purge the Chinese Communist Party of long-serving bureaucrats and recapture the revolutionary fervor of his guerrilla struggle
Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution
radical cadres formed of Chinese youth who would attack anyone identified as an enemy of either the Chinese Communist Party or Chairman Mao
Red Guards
where did the power lie reside in during Japan’s American reconstruction?
Japanese Diet
the Japanese prime minister during much of the American occupation and early post-occupation period
Shigeru Yoshida
the imposition of treaties and agreements under threat of military violence, such as the opening of Japan to trade after Commodore Perry’s demands
gunboat diplomacy
the 1867 ousting of the Tokugawa Shogunate that “restored” the power of the Japanese emperors
Meiji Restoration
the domain leaders who organized the Meiji Restoration
Meiji Oligarchs
what was the battle cry of the Meiji reformers?
“strong army, rich nation”
what were the causes of relaxation of attitudes in the Soviet Union during the Cold War?
- living conditions in Eastern Europe made USSR look bad
- acknowledgement of Americans’ willingness to intervene militarily to stop spread of Communism
- weakening hold over Soviet satellite states
what was a major cause of relaxation in the United States?
Soviet Union had atomic weapons now
how did Castro’s revolution in Cuba affect America?
- American investors lost their land due to Castro’s land reform
- the American government feared Castro would spread Communism to Latin America
how was the Bay of Pigs invasion supposed to work?
American-trained Cuban exiles would invade Cuba and depose Castro
T/F: the Bay of Pigs invasion was incredibly successful
false
what was the year of the Cuban Missile Crisis?
1962
what was the main cause of the Cuban Missile Crisis?
The Soviet Union had placed nuclear warheads in Cuba
how was the Cuban Missile Crisis solved?
- Soviets took missiles out of Cuba
- Americans took missiles out of Turkey
- Americans promised not to invade Cuba
