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Phar 506 > Urinary Tract infection > Flashcards

Urinary Tract infection Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three types of lower urinary tract infections

A

cystitis (bladder), urethritis, prostatitis

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2
Q

What is the main upper urinary tract infection

A

pyelonephritis

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3
Q

T/F: Most urinary tract infections are lower urinary tract and they are not systemic compared to upper urinary tract infections

A

True

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4
Q

What is the difference between complicated and uncomplicated urinary

A

Uncomplicated UTIs are defined as women who have a UTI at the childbearing age of 15-45 years old

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5
Q

What is asymmtomatic bacteriuria, symptomatic abacteriurua

A

No symptoms and no bacteria in the urine, symptoms are present but no bacteria in the urine

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6
Q

What varies prevelance of UTIs

A

Gender, age and co-morbidities

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7
Q

What organism usually causes uncomplicated UTIs, what other organisms cause uncomplicated UTIs

A

E. coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella, Proteus, Pseudomonas

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8
Q

What organism usually causes complicated UTIs, other organisms

A

E. coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, staphylococci

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9
Q

What are organisms that may be in the urine but usually do not cause UTIs, why are they in the urine

A

Staph epidermidis: contaminates the test, S. aureus: usually a systemic infection, Candida species: common in critically ill and chronically catheterized patients

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10
Q

T/F: A majority of UTIs are caused by many organisms

A

False: Majority of UTIs are caused by a single organism

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11
Q

What are the host defense against UTI

A

urine,bacteria in the bladder stimulates urination, antiadherance mechanism to prevent bacterial attachment to the bladder

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12
Q

What are predisposing factors for UTIs

A

Obstruction, nueurological malfucntions not allowing uriniation, urine is forced up the ureter to the kidney, catheters, pregnancy

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13
Q

What are signs and symptoms of lower tract UTIs

A

Dysuria, urgency and frequency, discomfort in genital area

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14
Q

What are signs and symptoms of upper tract UTIs

A

Abdominal pain, fever, rigors, nausea and vomiting, malise

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15
Q

What is a symptom of UTIs that is usually only seen in the elderly

A

Mental status changes

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16
Q

What are the diagnostic tests done to see if a UTI is present

A

Urinalysis and Urine Culture

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17
Q

List the methods of urine collection from least invasive to most invasive

A

Midsteam clean-catch, catheterization, suprapubic bladder aspiration

18
Q

What is being monitored for in a urinalysis

A

Bacteria and WBCs

19
Q

T/F: WBCs found in the urine automatically mean there is a UTI

A

False: UTIs can mean there is an infection but not necessarily a UTI

20
Q

T/F: Urine culture is used to find a bacteria and grow it to find susceptibility

A

True

21
Q

What is a non-specific therapy for UTIs

A

Cranberry juice

22
Q

What is the most common type of UTI

A

acute uncomplicated cystitis

23
Q

What is the first line antibiotic treatment for a UTI, second line

A

Nitrofurantoin 100 mg by mouth BID for 5 days, Bactrim 160/800 by mouth BID for 3 days

24
Q

What are two reasons that a patient may have symptomatic abacteriuria

A

small numbers of E. coli or other coliforms, patient may have chlamydia

25
Q

What short course therapy would be given to someone if they have symptomatic abacteriuria

A

Nitrofurantoin 100 mg by mouth BID for 5 days OR Bactrim 160/800 BID for 3 days

26
Q

What should be done if symptomatic abacteriuria does not resolve when given UTIs antibiotics

A

Suspect chlamydia and give either Doxycycline 100 mg BID for 7 days or Azithromycin 1 gram by mouth once

27
Q

T/F: If any patient has asymptomatic Bacteriuria they will not be treated with antibiotics

A

False: Most patients with asymptomatic Bacteriuria will not be treated with antibiotics. The patients that will be are Children, pregnant women and patients who will get a catheter

28
Q

If a patient has acute pyelonephritis with MILD to MODERATE symptoms what antibiotics should be given for how long

A

Bactrim 160/800 BID for 14 days or Ciprofloxacin/Levofloxacin for 14 days

29
Q

If a patient has acute pyelonephritis with MILD to MODERATE symptoms what antibiotics should be given if it is identified as enterococci

A

Ampicillin or Amoxicillin for 14 days

30
Q

If someone has acute pyelonephritis with SERIOUS symptoms in the ICU what antibiotics should be taken

A

Aminoglycosides with beta-lactam OR quinolone +/- beta-lactam

31
Q

When effective therapy for acute pyelonephritis is used when should the patient be stabilized,reduction in urine colony, continue parenteral therapy until what

A

12-24 hours, 48 hours, patient is afebrile 24 to 48 hours

32
Q

When should follow up cultures be obtained for acute pyelonephritis

A

2 weeks

33
Q

T/F: UTIs in males are always considered complicated and should be for 14 days

A

True

34
Q

What is the difference between relapse and reinfection

A

Relapse: same bug, reinfection: different dug

35
Q

How long should treatment be if the patient has a relapse after 2 weeks of therapy

A

Treat for another 2-4 and if there is a relapse after 6 weeks treat for 6 months or longer

36
Q

If a patient is pregnant with significant bacteriuria what antibiotic regimens can be given

A

Cephalexin 500 mg QID for 7 days OR Amoxicillin 250 mg TID for 7 days

37
Q

If a patient has a cathetheter when should they be treated, how and how long

A

ONLY treat those who are SYMPTOMATIC, Bactrim 14 days or Cirproloxacin/Levofloxacin for 14 days

38
Q

What is acute prostatitis, chronic prostatitis

A

Inflammation of the prostate with severe illness with fever and urinary and constitutional symptoms, relapse but not as serious

39
Q

What are the organisms that cause prostatitis

A

E. coli, klebisella, proteus, pseudomonas, and enterobacter

40
Q

What are the antibiotics for acute prostatitis treatment

A

Aminoglycoside (Gentamicin, Tobramycin or Amikacin) PLUS a beta lactam (Pip-Taz, Aztreonam or generation 3 cephalosporin)

41
Q

T/F: Acute prostatitis should always start parenterally and then be transitioned to PO after 10 days and duration should be 4-6 weeks including the time of IV

A

False:Acute prostatitis should always start parenterally and then be transitionted to PO after 5-7 days and duration should be 4-6 weeks NOT including the time the patient was given antibiotics IV

42
Q

If treating for chronic bacterial prostatitis what antibiotics should be given and for how long

A

Cirpofloxacin 500 mg every 12 hours OR Levofloxacin 500 mg every daily or Bactrim 180/600 mg BID, AT LEAST 6 weeks

Phar 506 (37 decks)

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