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CRR NEW > L1- structure and function of respiratory system > Flashcards

L1- structure and function of respiratory system Flashcards

1
Q

what does the upper respiratory tract consist of?

A

nose,nasal cavity and pharynx

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2
Q

what does the lower respiratory tract consist of?

A

larynx,trachea,bronchi and lungs

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3
Q

what are the two componenets of nose and nasal cavity?

A

external nose and internal nasal cavity

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4
Q

T/F respiratory tract has many functions including filtration and humidifier

A

true

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5
Q

what structure in the nose is used to filter the air?

A

nasal concha,ridges

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6
Q

bones that construct external nose

A

septal cartilage
greater alar cartilage
nasal bone
extensions of the frontal and maxillary bones

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7
Q

3 things internal cavity constructed with

A

nares,vestibule,posterior region of nasal cavity

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8
Q

what are nares?

A

nostrils

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9
Q

what are vestibules?

A

most anterior part of internal nasal cavity

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10
Q

what is the anterior part of nasal septum made from?

A

cartilage

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11
Q

what are choncae?

A

anterior and posterior part of interanal nares

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12
Q

what is the posterior region of internal nasal cavity formed from?

A

vomer and ethmoid bone

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13
Q

what is the floor of the nasal cavity made from?

A

hard palate

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14
Q

where is the meatus?

A

between the conchea

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15
Q

what lies within the meatus?

A

opening of paranasal sinuses

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16
Q

where is the opening of the nasolacrimal duct?

A

within the lower inferior meatus

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17
Q

where are olfactory epithelium?

A

superior region of nasal cavity

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18
Q

3 regions of the pharynx

A

nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx

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19
Q

where would you find the auditory/eustachian tube openings?

A

within the nasopharynx

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20
Q

what is positioned in a posterior region of the nasopharynx?

A

the pharyngeal tonsils

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21
Q

where does the nasopharynx open into?

A

the oropharynx

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22
Q

what can the oropharynx be considered as?

A

a junction point between the GI tract and respiratory tract

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23
Q

where does the oropharynx extend from and to?

A

from the uvula to the epiglottis

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24
Q

what can pass through the oropharynx?

A

air and ingested food

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25
Q

what is the oropharynx lined with

A

a stratified squamous epithelium

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26
Q

which tonsils do oropharynx contain?

A

contains 2 sets of tonsils, the palatine tonsils and the lingual tonsils

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27
Q

where does the laryngopharynx extend from and to

A

the epiglottis to the openings of the oesophagus and the larynx

28
Q

what is the larynx made up of?

A

an outer casing of 9 cartilages

29
Q

how many of the 9 cartilages in the larynx are paired

A

6 are paired 3 are unpaired

30
Q

which is the largest of the cartilages

A

the superiorly positioned thyroid cartilage

31
Q

what forms the adams apple

A

the cartilages in the larynx

32
Q

what can be found attached to the thyroid cartilage?

A

the 2nd unpaired cartilage, the epiglotis

33
Q

what does the epiglottis consist of

A

elastic cartilage and forms a free flap

34
Q

how is the base of the larynx formed

A

by the unpaired cricoid cartilage

35
Q

what are the 6 paired cartilages of the larynx

A

arytenoid,corniculate,cuneiform

36
Q

where do the 2 pairs of ligaments extend from

A

the anterior surface of the arytenoid cartilages the posterior surface of the thyroid cartilage

37
Q

where does the 2 pairs of ligaments form

A

form the vestibular folds or the false vocal chords

38
Q

what does the inferior ligaments form

A

true vocal chords

39
Q

what is the glottis

A

the true vocal cords and the associated opening between them

40
Q

how can sounds be modified

A

by the lengthening or shortening of the vocal cords as a result of skeletal muscles moving the arytenoid cartilages

41
Q

what is the trachea what does it contain

A

a long membranous tube consisting of 15-20 C shaped cartilages

42
Q

what does the diameter of the trachea contain

A

consists of smooth muscle and a ligamentous membrane

43
Q

what does the trachea divide into

A

divides into the left and the right primary bronchi

44
Q

what does the right and left primary bronchi divide into and when

A

into secondary bronchi as they enter the lungs

45
Q

what do the bronchi finally give rise to

A

bronchioles

46
Q

shape of the lungs

A

conical shaped

47
Q

where do the lungs extend from

A

the diaphragm to a point 2.5cm superior to the clavicle

48
Q

how many lobes does the right lung have

A

3

49
Q

how many lobes does the left lung have

A

2

50
Q

what are the lobes divided into

A

lobules

51
Q

how are lobules separated from each other

A

by CT

52
Q

how many lobules does the left lung have

A

9

53
Q

how many lobules does the right lung have

A

10

54
Q

what enters the hilum of the lungs

A

blood vessels and nerves

55
Q

what is each lung contained within

A

a separate pleural cavity

56
Q

what are the pleural cavities formed from

A

2 pleural serous membranes

57
Q

what are the 2 pleural serous membranes

A

parietal and visceral

58
Q

what does the parietal pleura cover

A

inner thoracic wall the diaphragm and the mediastinum

59
Q

what does the visceral pleura cover

A

surface of the lung

60
Q

what is found between the 2 pleural serous membranes

A

pleural fluid

61
Q

2 functions of the pleural fluid

A

lubricate movement

holds the pleural membranes together

62
Q

when is it important for the pleural fluid to lubricate movement

A

during breathing of the pleural membranes past one another

63
Q

what does the pleural fluid holding the pleuring membrane ensure

A

slide easily over one another whilst making them hard to seperate

64
Q

the major route of the respiratory system blood supply

A

pulmonary artery

65
Q

the second and equally important route of blood supply of the respiratory system

A

supplying the tissue of the bronchi right down to the respiratory bronchioles with oxygenated blood

66
Q

how is supllying the tissue of the bronchi right doen to the respiratory bronchioles with oxygenated blood achieved by

A

via the bronchial arteries which are derived from the thoracic aorta

67
Q

what does the muscles of respiration include

A

include the diaphragm the muscles that elevate the ribs and the muscles that depress the ribs

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