PPW1 Introduction

Question 1

Causes of bradycardia

Answer 1

Beta blockers, digoxin, cholinesterase inhibitors, and opiates

Question 2

Causes of tachycardia

Answer 2

Sympathomimetics (amphetamine, cocaine, LSD and designer drugs) and theophylline

Question 3

Causes of hypotension

Answer 3

Antihypertensives, antidepressants, sedatives and opiates

Question 4

Causes of hypertension

Answer 4

Sympathomimetics (amphetamine, cocaine, LSD and designer drugs), nicotine and caffeine

Question 5

Causes of hypothermia

Answer 5

Carbon monoxide, oral hypoglycemics, sedatives and alcohol

Question 6

Causes of hyperthermia

Answer 6

Sympathomimetics (amphetamine, cocaine, LSD and designer drugs), anticholinergics and salicylates

Question 7

Causes of hypoventilation

Answer 7

Sedatives, opiates, and marijuana

Question 8

Causes of hyperventilation

Answer 8

-Metabolic acidosis (methanol, ethylene glycol)
-Pulmonary edema (hydrocarbons such as gasoline aspiration)
Pneumonitis (frequent complication of toxic coma)

Question 9

Causes of miosis

Answer 9

Opiates and cholnesterase inhibitors

Question 10

Causes of mydriasis

Answer 10

Sympathomimetics, antihistamines, antidepressants, anticholinergics, and vision loss (methanol)

Question 11

What is anisocoria and what causes it

Answer 11

Condition characterized by unequal size of the pupils

Causes include; brain tumors, intracranial hemorrhage, and pharmacological agents applied to one eye

Question 12

Causes of diaphoresis, red skin, blue skin and blistering

Answer 12

Diaphoresis:Cholinesterase inhibitors, sympathomimetics
Red skin: Carbon monoxide, and cholinesterase inhibitors
Blue skin: Methemoglobinemia
Blistering: Barbiturates, snake/spider bites

Question 13

What is Glasgow coma scale and which factors are monitored

Answer 13

It records the state of a persons consciousness.
factors include; Eye opening response, best verbal response, and best motor response. more than 8 is normal, 8 or less than 8 is comatose patient and less than 3 is totally unresponsive patient.

Question 14

Causes of QT prolongation and tornadoes de pointes

Answer 14

• Antipsychotics (haloperidol, chlorpromazine),
• Antidepressants (amitryptilline, dose-in, mianserin)
• Antiarrhythmics (amiodarone, propafenone, sotalol)
• Antihistamines

Question 15

What symptoms may characterize poisoning or hypoglycemia or both?

Answer 15

Anxiety, abnormal thinking, impaired judgement, confusion and slurred speech

Question 16

What symptoms may characterize poisoning or head injury or both?

Answer 16

Loss of consciousness or dizziness, confusion, disorientation, headache, nausea, vomiting and bradycardia