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MCAT Psych/Soc AAMC > AAMC > Flashcards

AAMC Flashcards

1
Q

Demographic transition theory

A

Changes in birth and death rate associated with economic development. Drop in death rate followed by drop in birth rate.

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2
Q

fMRI

A

measures brain activity by detecting associated changes in blood flow.

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3
Q

CT

A

used to make detailed images of organs, bones, soft tissue, and blood vessels. X rays.

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4
Q

PET

A

test for disease, radioactive substance injected into body and taken up into organs. Can be tracked through organs to see if they are working correctly

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5
Q

MRI

A

creates a detailed cross sectional image of organs and other structures. Radio waves.

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6
Q

Sleep spindles are found in which stage of sleep?

A

NREM stage 2

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7
Q

what are sleep spindles

A

sudden bursts of brain activity during sleep

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8
Q

brains reward system found in the _______

A

limbic system

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9
Q

structures of the limbic system

A

SHAF

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10
Q

Universally expressed emotions

A

fear, anger, surprise, happiness, disgust, sadness

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11
Q

When do infants begin to develop stranger anxiety?

A

around 8 months

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12
Q

place theory

A

one is able to hear different pitches because differnt sound waves trigger activity at different places along the cochleas basilar membrane.

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13
Q

interposition

A

visually, one object overlaps another, causing us to see in depth. Depth perception

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14
Q

parallel processing

A

ability of the brain to simultaneously process sensory info of differing qualities

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15
Q

reliability

A

degree to which an assessment tool produces stable and consistent resuls

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16
Q

negative symptoms of schizophrenia

A

absense of appropriate behaviors and emotion

emotional flattening- no signs of emotional expression

innapropriate affect- emotion is discordant with the content of the individuals speech

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17
Q

positive symptoms schizophrenia

A

delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thoughts, disorganized speech and behavior

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18
Q

implicit memory is

A

unconscious memory

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19
Q

Neuroleptics

A

antipsychotic drug used to treat schizophrenia positive symptoms. Side effects include exacerbating negative symptoms

20
Q

Unidirectional relationship

A

something is the direct cause of another thing (death of a family member causes stress)

21
Q

Reciprocal relationship

A

the cause can act further to cause itself again (stress causes depression which causes more stress which leads to more depression) Positive feedback.

22
Q

parallel processing

A

automatic processing of space, time and frequency of events

23
Q

novel information

A

new information

24
Q

Where is brocas area?

A

left side of frontal lobe

25
Q

Corpus callosum

A

connects L/R hemispheres, sends information between them.

26
Q

What is the most likely result of someone being in cognitive dissonance?

A

They will change their attitudes to match their behavior, rather than change the behavior.

27
Q

cross sectional study

A

Observational study that gathers information AT A SPECIFIC POINT IN TIME.

28
Q

Case control study

A

find two groups that have differing conditions and work backwards to see whats different about them

29
Q

longitudinal study

A

repeated observations of the same variables over a period of time.

30
Q

exchange theory

A

decision making occurs via a cost-benefit analysis

31
Q

incentive theory of motivation

A

individuals are motivated to engage in behaviors that produce rewards or incentives

32
Q

sanctions

A

ways of enforcing compliance with social norms. Sanctions are positive when they are used to celebrate conformity and negative when they are used to punish or discourage nonconformity

33
Q

sanctions example

A

an individual who behaves appropriately in a given setting by being polite, socially engaged, or patient, is sanctioned with social approval. An individual who chooses to behave inappropriately by acting out of turn, saying or doing strange or unkind things, or expressing rudeness or impatience, is sanctioned with disapproval, expulsion, or more severe consequences, depending upon the situation.

34
Q

latent function

A

unintentional and often unrecognized consequence

35
Q

social constructionism

A

questions what is defined by humans and society to be reality. Therefore, social constructs can be different based on the society and the events surrounding the time period in which they exist

example- money

36
Q

Mead’s I and Me

A

Me- how we believe the generalized other sees us. Societies views. Socialized and conforming aspect of self

I-Individual identity, spontaneous, less socialized component. Often goes against society.

37
Q

shadowing

A

experimental technique in which participants recite speech immediately after hearing it

38
Q

how sound travels to be processed in the brain

A

verbal inputs to each ear travel to the auditory cortex of the opposite hemisphere and then to the left hemisphere to be processed by language areas

example: sound in left ear goes to auditory cortex in right hemisphere and then travels back to left hemisphere.

39
Q

amphetamines

A

stimulants. Increase release of dopamine, norepinephrine, and seratonin at the synapse. Decrease re-uptake of those neurotransmitters

40
Q

cocaine

A

stimulant, can be used as anesthesia and is vasoconstrictive.

41
Q

ecstacy

A

hallucinogen. Euphoria, increased alertness.

42
Q

what do stimulants, and hallucinogens to do the body (in general)?

A

raise heart rate, blood pressure, sweating, constriction. Basically stress

43
Q

Where are neurotransmitters made?

A

inside neurons

44
Q

aquisition phase of operant conditioning

A

most effective is continuous reinforcement because it teaches the subject which behavior is correct

45
Q

instinctive drift

A

difficulty in overcoming instinctual behaviors. Established, operantly learned habits by an animal are replaced by food-related behaviors

MCAT Psych/Soc AAMC (7 decks)

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