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Beef Cattle Science > Exam 3 Study Guide > Flashcards

Exam 3 Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

T/F: Cool season grasses typically contain a low ruminally undegradable protein content, which can result in low performance in rangeland cattle.

A

true

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2
Q

T/F: Rest periods during transportation do not improve the health and welfare of feeder calves.

A

false

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3
Q

T/F: There is an energy cost associated with feeding an excessive amount of protein to finishing cattle.

A

true

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4
Q

T/F: Besides bunk scoring, good bunk management also takes into account other behaviors exhibited by cattle, including aggression.

A

true

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5
Q

T/F: Cortisol release does not result in immunosuppression in cattle.

A

false

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6
Q

T/F: High stress cattle handling results in an increase in dark cutters.

A

true

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7
Q

T/F: Ammonia emissions from the pen surface in feedlots are greater in winter than in summer.

A

false

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8
Q

The purpose for feeding supplemental protein to range cows is to feed microbes so that _____ increases.

a. digestibility
b. the rumen passage rate
c. intake
d. all of the above

A

D. all of the above

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9
Q

Supplemental protein should be considered for cattle on range when the protein content of foragee is ___.

a. less than 7%
b. 9 to 11%
c. greater than 11%
d. none of the above

A

A. less than 7%

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10
Q

Vitamin ___ is supplemented in finishing cattle diets to improve product shelf life.

a. vitamin B
b. Vitamin D
c. Vitamin E
d. Vitamin K

A

C. Vitamin E

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11
Q

When feeding finishing cattle using a bunk system, an ideal bunk management score would be ___.

a. 0
b. 1/2 to 1
c. 2-3
d. 3-4

A

B. 1/2 to 1

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12
Q

____ is the primary processing method for corn fed to feedlot cattle in the US.

a. tea flaking
b. rolling
c. cracking
d. grinding

A

c. cracking

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13
Q

Beef from non- fed cattle makes up __% of U.S. beef production.

a. 5
b. 10
c. 20
d. 40

A

c. 20

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14
Q

It is not recommended to sell cull cows during ____ as prices are at their lowest during this time of the year.

a. summer
b. fall
c. winter
d. spring

A

B. fall

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15
Q

As body fat ____ with advancing maturity, dry matter intake _____ in feedlot cattle.

A

increases

decreases

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16
Q

____ and _____ are the 2 types of immunity

A

cell mediated and humoral

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17
Q

List 1 advantage and 1 disadvantage of procuring weaned calves or yearlings from a live auction compared to a direct purchase fro a ranch.

A

Advantage: You can be more selective with the quality you buy
Disadvantage: more potential for disease transmittance

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18
Q

list 2 procedures that are carried out during processing of weaned calves or yearlings after they arrive on feedlots.

A
  1. rest period to acclimate to new environment

2. vaccinations

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19
Q

The inclusion of forage in finishing cattle diets is important in ensuring rumen health. What are 3 challenges associated with feeding hay relative to grain that results in feedlot producers opting to walk a “tight rope”/ feed the least amount they can get away with?

A
  1. hay is bulky
  2. hay does not mix well
  3. hay is not very energy dense
20
Q

what is the minimum level or forage (%) that is recommended in finishing cattle diets?

A

5%

21
Q

It is recommended to grind hay prior to it being fed to feedlot cattle. what are 2 advantages to grinding hay?

A

Increase digestibility

Cows can’t sort through it

22
Q

Define physically effective fiber.

A

provides a starch factor to keep the GI wall healthy and stimulates rumination

23
Q

List 2 digestive disorders that occur as a result of feeding an inadequate amount of physically effective fiber.

A
  1. Acidosis

2. Liver abscesses

24
Q

When managing a feedlot, what is the major objective of good feed bunk management?

A

minimize feed spoilage

maximize feed intake

25
Q

What are the 2 agencies that regulate CAFO’s in Idaho? Which of those 2 agencies is responsible for air and water quality?

A

EPA and ISDA

EPA responsible for air and water quality

26
Q

List 2 key records that have to be maintained as part of a comprehensive nutrient management plan on CAFO’s

A

Amount of manure and effluent leaving a facility

Application rates of manure and effluent to fields

27
Q

What are the air and water quality issues related to protein nutrition in feedlot cattle? Briefly describe how dietary protein could end up being an environmental pollutant. Your answer should include what happens to the dietary protein in the rumen, how that N ends up excreted, and the subsequent transformations following excretion that cause air and water pollution.

A

Urea is ingested. microbes use/digest a portion of it. whats left over goes to the liver. the liver sends a portion to the salivary gland and a portion to urine. the urine is excreted. the urea is converted to NH3 and N2O and NO3. NH3 and NO2 go to the air. NO3 leaching into soil and water.

28
Q

A cow- calf producer who has been in the business for only a year approaches you to ask about what she needs to know/do with regards to managing cull cows. What percent of her herd would you recommend her to cull each year?

A

20%

29
Q

A cow- calf producer who has been in the business for only a year approaches you to ask about what she needs to know/do with regards to managing cull cows. Describe 2 key benefits she would have from culling a part of her cow herd.

A

genetic improvement

increase production by culling low producing cows

30
Q

A cow- calf producer who has been in the business for only a year approaches you to ask about what she needs to know/do with regards to managing cull cows. Which 2 criteria would you recommend for her to use to identify cows to cull?

A

Pregnancy rates

dystocia rates

31
Q

A cow- calf producer who has been in the business for only a year approaches you to ask about what she needs to know/do with regards to managing cull cows. If she decides to feed her cull cows before marketing, which 2 conditions would she need to consider for this to be profitable?

A

low cost of feed

hight cull cow prices

32
Q

A cow- calf producer who has been in the business for only a year approaches you to ask about what she needs to know/do with regards to managing cull cows. List 2 marketing strategies she could use to increase revenue from her cull cows.

A

sell during the off season when cow demand is high

feed them to meet a higher grade choice

33
Q

Vaccines are a management tool. No vaccine is 100% effective. List 3 of the 6 reasons vaccines may fail to protect an animal discussed in lecture.

A

malnutrition
animal is incubating disease/ pathogen
stress

34
Q

Vaccines developed for leptospirosis come in the form of a bacteria. Define a bacterin vaccine.

A

a suspension of killed or attenuated bacteria for use as a vaccine.

35
Q

Although cattle producers could use either killed or MLV on their operations, there are a number of differences between the two. List a safety concern when using killed and MLV.

A

MLV- possibility of mutating back into the virulent form of the pathogen and causing a disease.
Killed- less duration of immunity. Injection site granulomas

36
Q

Although cattle producers could use either killed or MLV on their operations, there are a number of differences between the two. MLV are considered a more complete way to vaccinate. Why?

A

MLV don’t require a booster shot, have faster acting immunity and are less expensive.

37
Q

Although cattle producers could use either killed or MLV on their operations, there are a number of differences between the two. Which of the 2 results in a faster immune response when administered? and why?

A

MLV- because the immune system recognized the live foreign body faster than a killed one.

38
Q

Although cattle producers could use either killed or MLV on their operations, there are a number of differences between the two. In general, in terms of cost, which of the 2 is more expensive to use and why?

A

Killed- the vx is more expensive to start with and it requires boosters later.

39
Q

If asked by a producer or a member of the general public, how would you best define beef quality assurance?

A

BQA provides a systematic approach to insure that consumers receive quality beef that is safe for consumption.

40
Q

Based on results from the National Beef Quality Audit, there was a 10% increase in liver condemnations in 2016 compared to 2011 in the US. What is the major condition that results in livers being condemned?

A

liver abscesses

41
Q

Describe in detail how this condition or digestive disorder occurs. (liver abscess)

A

Prolonged acidosis generated an over propagation of certain microbes. due to the acidosis the wall of the rumen is expanded so then the microbes travel to the liver via the circulatory system. Once in the liver the bacteria continues to grow and damage the tissue of the liver, resulting in an abscess.

42
Q

which 2 strategies would you recommend to a feedlot producer to reduce the incidences of this condition? (liver abscess)

A

increase roughage particle size

transition rations slowly

43
Q

Besides liver, tongue, heart, and head condemnations, which other 3 conditions were identified in 2016 as contributors to lost opportunities/ loss of revenue from cows and bulls?

A

Injection site wounds
foreign bodies found in muscles (bird shot)
large branding scars across ribs

44
Q

Name a feed additive used for feedlot cattle, it’s mode of action, and effects on production performance.

A

Ionophores
Monensin
Increase propionic acid and decrease ch4 production in rumen
Modify intake, adg, and amp; FE

45
Q

3 key functions of a successful immune response

A

Recognition
Activation
Effect

Beef Cattle Science (5 decks)

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