Cardiovascular Flashcards
1
Q
Pericarditis presentation
A
- Central chest pain worse lying flat
- ?Fever
- ?Pericardial rub
- ECG- saddle shaped
2
Q
Diastolic Murmurs
A
- Aortic Regurg
- Mitral Stenosis
3
Q
Heart Failure Management
A
- Acute- sit up, morphine, GTN, furosemide, NIV
- ACEi/ ARB, Aspirin, Atorvastatin, Beta blocker, Diuretic
- Avoid NSAIDs, CCB!
4
Q
Features of Aortic Stenosis
A
- Murmur- upper R sternal border –> carotids. Systolic crescendo-decrescendo
- Sx Triad- Chest pain, SOB, syncope
- Cause- esp senile calcification
- Tx- valve replacement
5
Q
Features of Mitral Regurgitation
A
- Murmur- Apex –> axilla. Pansystolic rumble. S
- x- palpitations, SOB
- Causes- senile, infectiove endocarditis, marfans
- Tx- valve replacement
6
Q
Syncope differentials
A
- Orthostatic BP- hypovolaemia, drug induced, PD, diabetic neuropathy
- Neurally mediated- Carotid sinus sensitivity, situational
- Neurocardiogenic- vasovagal
- Cardiac- arrhythmias
- Cardiac- structural
- Cardiocascular- MI, PE, aortic dissection
- Non-syncopal- CVA, metabolic, epilepsy, intoxication, falls
7
Q
Heart Failure CXR findings
A
- Alveolar oedema (bats wings)
- kurley B lines
- Cardiomegaly
- Dilated upper lobe vessels
- Effusion (pleural)
8
Q
Management of ACS
A
- ABCDE
- Morphine + metoclopramide
- Aspirin 300 mg 1 dose –> 75mg
- GTN spray
- Clopidogrel/ ticagrelor
- LMWH- Fundoparineux
- Revascularisation- PCI/ CABG
9
Q
Hypertensive Crisis and Tx
A
- Hypertensive crisis= BP >200/120
- Absence of end organ damage –> PO
- End organ damage –> IV hydralazine/labetalol/nitroprusside/ GTN
10
Q
Pericarditis treatment
A
NSAIDs, colchicine
11
Q
Wolf-Parkinson-White ECG
A
Short PR interval and delta wave
12
Q
Degrees of Heart Block and ECG features
A
- 1st- Consistently prolonged PR
- 2nd degree Mobitz 1- PR progressively lengthened –> dropped QRS
- 2nd degree Mobitz 2- Prolonged PR, QRS regularly dropped
- 3rd degree- no relation between p waves and QRS ==> Tx: pacemaker
13
Q
Features of cardiac syncope
A
- Sudden onset and recovery
- No prodrome
- Sx- palpitations, SOB, chest pain FHx????
14
Q
Infective Endocarditis management
A
- ABx- ampicillin + flucloxacillin + gentamicin IV
- Surgical debridement/ valve replacement
15
Q
Types fo ACS
A
- Unstable Angina
- NSTEMI
- STEMI
16
Q
Causes of sudden cardiac death
A
- Coronary artery disease
- Cardiomyopathies- Dilated, hypetrophic (children/athletes), restrictive, arrhythmogenic R ventricular cardiomyopathy
- Inherited arrhythmia syndromes- long QT, CPVT
- Valvular heart disease
- Channelopathies eg Brugada syndrome
17
Q
What is this ECG?
A
Atrial Fibrillation
18
Q
Heart Failure Ix
A
ECG, BNP, ECHO
19
Q
Symptoms of RHF
A
PeRipheral Oedema:
- Ankle swelling
- Ascites
- Nausea
- Anorexia
- Facial engorgement
- Epistaxis