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Anatomy Semester II > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Ventilation (Pulmonary)

A

Movement of air into & out of lungs

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2
Q

External Respiration

A

Gas exchange between air in lungs & blood

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3
Q

Internal Respiration

A

Gas exchange between the blood & tissues

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4
Q

Gas exchange

A

Oxygen enters blood & Carbon dioxide leaves

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5
Q

Voice Production

A

Movement of air past vocal folds makes sound & speech

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6
Q

Olfaction

A

Smell occurs when airborne molecules drawn into nasal cavity

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7
Q

Protection

A

Against microorganisms by preventing entry & removing them

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8
Q

Cilia

A

Accessory structure of the nose; cleans the air

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9
Q

Mucus

A

Accessory structure of the nose; moistens air inhaled

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10
Q

Capillaries

A

Accessory structure of the nose; warms the air

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11
Q

Pharynx

A

Common opening for food and air

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12
Q

Larynx

A

Voicebox

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13
Q

Thyroid cartilage

A

Adam’s apple; protects vocal cords; moves up when you swallow

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14
Q

Epiglottis

A

Closes off larynx so food & liquid go down the esophagus; move down to cover trachea

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15
Q

True vocal cords

A

Produce sound; with tongue, mouth & nose to produce words

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16
Q

Trachea

A

Windpipe; smooth muscle w/ c-shaped rings of cartilage allows food to travel to esophagus easier, lined w/ cilia & mucus; path of air from larynx to bronchi

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17
Q

Primary bronchi

A

Left & right branch off trachea; lined w/ cilia, supported by cartilage

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18
Q

Secondary bronchi

A

Branch off of primary bronchi

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19
Q

Tertiary bronchi

A

Branch off of secondary bronchi

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20
Q

Bronchioles

A

Branch off of tertiary bronchi

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21
Q

Terminal bronchioles

A

First division on the bronchioles

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22
Q

Respiratory bronchioles

A

Last division on the bronchioles

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23
Q

Lungs

A

Principal organs of respiration; right lung 3 lobes, left lung 2 lobes

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24
Q

Alveoli

A

Extremely thin-walled sacs covered w/ capillaries; actual site of gas exchange

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25
Q

Diaphragm

A

Large breathing muscle; moves down (contracts) when you inhale, moves up (relaxes) when you exhale

26
Q

uvula

A

Blocks passageway to nasal cavity so that food doesn’t enter nasal passage

27
Q

Inspiration

A

Breathing in; Diaphragm contracts & lowers; increasing volume, decreases pressure.

28
Q

Expiration

A

Breathing out; Diaphragm relaxes & raises; increased pressure, decreases volume

29
Q

External Respiration

A

Converts deoxygenated blood to oxygenated blood; air from lungs to blood; efficient b/c thin membranes, large surface area, & narrow capillaries

30
Q

Tidal Volume

A

Volume of air inspired or expired during a normal inspiration or expiration (quiet breathing)

31
Q

Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)

A

Amount of air inspired forcefully after normal tidal volume

32
Q

Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)

A

Amount of air forcefully expired after normal tidal volume

33
Q

Residual Volume

A

Amount of air in respiratory system after the most forceful expiration

34
Q

Inspiratory Capacity

A

Tidal Volume plus inspiratory reserve volume

35
Q

Total Lung Capacity

A

Vital capacity plus residual volume

36
Q

Vital Capacity

A

Tidal volume plus inspiratory reserve volume plus expiratory reserve volume

37
Q

Respiratory membrane

A

Actual site of gas exchange

38
Q

Asthma

A

Spasms of smooth muscle in the bronchioles

39
Q

Lung Cancer

A

Constant irritation produces excess mucus & puts unnecessary stress on bronchi; alveoli destroyed by WBCs, structural cells disappear & cancer cells take over

40
Q

Emphysema

A

Alveolar walls lose their elasticicty

41
Q

Bronchitis

A

Inflammation of bronchi

42
Q

Pneumonia

A

Infection or inflammation of the alveoli

43
Q

Tuberculosis (TB)

A

Bacterial infection that destroys lung tissue and is replaced by non-elastic connective tissue

44
Q

Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS)

A

Lack of surfactant makes breathing difficult; in infants

45
Q

Pulmonary Embolism

A

Blood clot obstructs circulation to lung tissue and tissue dies

46
Q

Sudden Infant Death Syndrom

A

SIDS; crib death;

47
Q

Larnyngitis

A

Inflammation of vocal cords

48
Q

Pharyngitis

A

Inflammation of sore thtoat

49
Q

Rhinitis

A

Inflammation of lining of the nose

50
Q

What are the 3 accessory structures of the nasal cavity

A
  • Cilia
  • Mucus
  • Capillaries
51
Q

What is the name of the passageway for food and air

A

-Pharynx

52
Q

What is the function of the epiglottis

A

-Closes off larynx so food and liwuid travels down the esophagus

53
Q

What structure produces sound

A

Vocal folds, lips, tongue, nose, teeth

54
Q

What surrounds the lungs for potection and lubrication

A

Pleura

55
Q

What is anatomical dead space

A

Part of respiratory system where gas exchange does not take place

56
Q

What are the functions of the respiratory system

A
  • Gas exchange
  • Regulation of blood PH
  • Voice production
  • Olfactor
  • Protection
57
Q

How does 02 and CO2 move across the membrane

A

Diffusion

58
Q

What prevents the alveoli from collapsing and sticking

A

Surfactant

59
Q

Why is external respiration a good form of gas exchange

A
  • thin membrane
  • Large surface area
  • narrow capillaries
60
Q

Path of air through body

A
  1. Mouth/nose
  2. Nasal cavity
  3. Pharynx
  4. Larynx
  5. trachea
  6. Primary bronchi
  7. Secondary bronchi
  8. Tertiary bronchi
  9. Bronchioles
  10. Terminal bronchioles
  11. Respiratory bronchioles
  12. Alveolar ducts
  13. Alveolar sacs
  14. Alveoli

Anatomy Semester II (14 decks)

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