Female Reproduction

Question 1

What are the areas of the Fallopian tubes

Answer 1

interstitium, Isthmus, ampullary region, infundibulum, fimbrae

Question 2

What are the functions of the Fallopian tubes

Answer 2

Sperm transport (maintenance and capacitation)
Oocyte transport
Fertilisation
Embryo/metabolism transport

Question 3

Describe the process of oogenesis

Answer 3

Gametes are derived from PGCs that are formed in the Epiblast during the 2nd week post-conception. PGCs first appear in the endoderm of the dorsal all or the yolk sac

Question 4

Can a defect in the embryo cause a defect in the child

Answer 4

Yes

Question 5

Meiotic nondisjunction is associated with

Answer 5

Oocyte ageing

Question 6

What are the basic components of the uterus

Answer 6

Find us, lumen, endo/myo/perimetrium and cervix

Question 7

What is the function of the uterus

Answer 7

Hollow, muscular organ that receives, retains and nourishes the embryo

Question 8

Describe endometriosis

Answer 8

When mestruation goes backward

Question 9

What are the two sections of the endometrium

Answer 9

Stratum functionalis and stratum basalis

Question 10

What happens to the stratum functionalis during menstruation

Answer 10

Stratum functionalis undergoes cyclic changes in response to ovarian hormones. It’s also responsible for forming a new functionalis after menses

Question 11

Why hormones are heavily involved in the endocrine control of female reproduction

Answer 11

Oestrogen
FSH
LH
Progesterone

Question 12

Is true that GnRH and gonadotrophin are secreted once per cycle

Answer 12

No, secreted hourly. Hypothalamic pulsatile secretion of GnRH atom release of gonadotrophin. The pulsatilla secretion is regulated by oestrogen, progesterone and Leptin

Question 13

What are the two phases of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 13

Follicular phase and luteal phase

Question 14

What histological changes can be seen in the uterus in the run up to ovulation

Answer 14

Progressive follicular increase in diameter and increase in endometrial thickness until a sharp decline at ovulation

Question 15

What are the 4 stages of oocyte (follicle) development

Answer 15

Primordial follicles, primary follicles, secondary (Antral) follicles and vesicular (graafan) follicles

Question 16

Describe the primordial follicle

Answer 16

Primary oocyte surrounded by a single layer of flattened granulosa cells.

Question 17

Describe the primary follicle

Answer 17

Oocyte surrounded by early zona pellucida and several layers of cuboidal cells

Question 18

Describe the secondary (antral) follicle

Answer 18

Oocyte surrounded by a fully formed zona pellucida and many layers of granulosa cells

Question 19

Describe the vesicular (graafan) follicles

Answer 19

Oocyte surrounded by fully formed zona pellucida and several layers of cumulus cells

Question 20

What is the first stage of the process of ovulation (first 7 days of cycle)

Answer 20

Each follicle has an immature egg at centre that matures during the first 7 days of the cycle. On day 7 all eggs stop growing except for one

Question 21

What happens during day 7 to around day 12 of ovulation

Answer 21

The chosen egg proceeds to mature and be nourished

Question 22

What happens on day 12 of ovulation

Answer 22

Follicles secrete a lot of oestrogen to hypothalamus which release LH from anterior pituitary

Question 23

Describe what happens at the moment of ovulation

Answer 23

Right before, the egg detached and he follicle releases chemickes forcing tune to move closer and surround follicle.
The egg gets ejected out of the burst follicle into the Fallopian tube where fimbrae sweep across follicle to catch the egg.
Muscular contractions then push the egg down the tube

Question 24

How long does the egg live after ovulation

Answer 24

12-24 hours so it must be fertilised in that time or it will die and will have to wait for the next cycle

Question 25

What is the zona pellucida

Answer 25

Fibrous protein coat surrounding the egg acting as one Barrier

Question 26

What are some symptoms of menopause

Answer 26

Headaches, hot flashes, teeth loosen and gums receding, breast drop and flatten, weight gain and abdomen loses muscle tone, vaginal dryness/itching, bones loss mass

Question 27

True or false: the number of follicles stays the same throughout life

Answer 27

No, they decrease intensively until menopause where the number is 0