2.1 - Common Network Ports Flashcards

1
Q

FTP – File Transfer Protocol

A

tcp/20 (active mode data), tcp/21 (control)
• Transfers files between systems
• Authenticates with a username and password
• Some systems use a generic/anonymous login
• Full-featured functionality
• List, add, delete, etc.

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2
Q

SSH - Secure Shell

A
  • Encrypted communication link - tcp/22

* Looks and acts the same as Telnet

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3
Q

Telnet

A
  • Telnet – Telecommunication Network - tcp/23
  • Login to devices remotely
  • Console access
  • In-the-clear communication
  • Not the best choice for production systems
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4
Q

SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

A

• Server to server email transfer - tcp/25
• Also used to send mail from a device to a mail server
• Commonly configured on mobile devices
and email clients
• Other protocols are used for clients to receive email
• IMAP, POP3

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5
Q

DNS - Domain Name System

A

Converts names to IP addresses - udp/53
• www.professormesser.com = 162.159.246.164
• These are very critical resources
• Usually multiple DNS servers are in production

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6
Q

HTTP and HTTPS

A
  • Hypertext Transfer Protocol - tcp/80
  • Communication in the browser
  • And by other applications
  • In the clear or encrypted - HTTPS - tcp/443
  • Supported by nearly all web servers and clients
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7
Q

POP / IMAP

A
Receive emails from an email server
• Authenticate and transfer
• POP3 - Post office Protocol version 3 - tcp/110
• Basic mail transfer functionality
• IMAP4
• Internet Message Access Protocol v4 - tcp/143
• Includes management of email inbox
from multiple clients
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8
Q

RDP - Remote Desktop Protocol

A

• Share a desktop from a remote location over tcp/3389
• Remote Desktop Services on many Windows versions
• Can connect to an entire desktop
or just an application
• Clients for Windows, macOS, Linux, Unix,
iPhone, Android, and others

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9
Q

SNMP - Simple Network Management Protocol

A
  • Gather statistics from network devices
  • Queries: udp/161
  • Traps: udp/162
  • v1 – The original
  • Structured tables, in-the-clear
  • v2 – A good step ahead
  • Data type enhancements
  • Bulk transfers, still in-the-clear
  • v3 – A secure standard
  • Message integrity
  • Authentication, encryption
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10
Q

LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol)

A

tcp/389
• Store and retrieve information in a network directory
• Commonly used in Microsoft Active Directory

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11
Q

DHCP reservation

A

Addresses are assigned by MAC address
in the DHCP server
• Quickly manage addresses from one location

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12
Q

• Dynamic / pooled

A

• IP addresses are assigned in real-time from a pool
• Each system is given a lease and must renew
at set intervals

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13
Q

DHCP - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

A

• Automated configuration of IP address, subnet mask
and other options
• udp/67, udp/68
• Requires a DHCP server
• Server, appliance, integrated into a SOHO router, etc

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14
Q

AFP (Apple Filing Protocol)

A
  • File services in macOS
  • tcp/548
  • Works with SLP (Service Location Protocol)
  • tcp/427 and udp/427
  • Populates the list of available devices
  • File management
  • Copy, move, delete files
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15
Q

SMB - Server Message Block

A

• Protocol used by Microsoft Windows
• File sharing, printer sharing
• Also called CIFS (Common Internet File System)
• Using NetBIOS over TCP/IP
• udp/137 - NetBIOS name services (nbname)
• udp/138 - NetBIOS datagram service (nbdatagram)
• tcp/139 - NetBIOS session service (nbsession)
• Direct over tcp/445 (NetBIOS-less)
• Direct SMB communication over TCP
without the NetBIOS transport

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