EXAM 2

Question 1

What do Hydroxyl groups & Carbonyl groups have in common?

Answer 1

• They are both POLAR groups
• Molecules with both groups will readily dissolve in water

Question 2

What is Vanderwal’s Bonding?

Answer 2

• It occurs between all atoms
• And includes an attractive & repulsive component

Question 3

What kind of Covalent bond will occur between C & N?

Answer 3

-It will be a polar bond

Question 4

What characteristics do the H bonding in water have?

Answer 4

• It is strong but able to be reversed so that water stays a liquid
• It will also give water a high boiling point compared to molecules of the same size

Question 5

What does the Hydrophobic Effect cause?

Answer 5

• It leads to an association of nonpolar & another nonpolar group
• It is also responsible for the association of phospholipids into a bilayer

Question 6

What is an example of a base?

Answer 6

-It is exemplified as an Amino Group

Question 7

What kind of compound is this?

Answer 7

-It is an acid= Acetic Acid (CH3COOH)

Question 8

What does the Oxidation State do in terms of the true charge of atoms?

Answer 8

-It overestimates the true charge of an atom

Question 9

What would be an example of an Oxidation Reaction?

Answer 9

-The burning of gasoline in a car engine

Question 10

What are the key characteristics of Dehydration Synthesis of polymers?

Answer 10

• It requires the cell to use energy
• And it involves the loss of a water molecule when 2 monomers combine

Question 11

What are the key characteristics of DNA?

Answer 11

• It is made from Nucleotides that have H groups attached to the 2’ carbon
• It is also double-stranded w/ hydrogen bonds connecting strand 1 to strand 2

Question 12

A hemoglobin protein contains 4 polypeptide chains, what is true about hemoglobin?

Answer 12

-Each polypeptide chain is a covalent polymer of amino acids made by dehydration synthesis

Question 13

What are the key characteristics of the major acid in the course?

Answer 13

• It is a Carboxylic acid
• And it has a neutral charge at low pH

Question 14

What is the role of Protein Folding?

Answer 14

• It is necessary for a protein to do its function
• And it is the result of the hydrophobic effect

Question 15

What are the key characteristics of triglycerides found in soybean seeds that make soybean oil?

Answer 15

• They are liquid at room temperature
• And they are a form of long-term energy storage for the plant to provide energy for the next generation

Question 16

What kind of a polymer is Glycogen? (complex carb)

Answer 16

-It is a branched polymer

Question 17

What kind of bonds are used by Amino Acids in Nucleotides?

Answer 17

-Phosphodiester bonds

Question 18

What type of molecules does a big mac contain?

Answer 18

• It contains 3 polymers of glucose= Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose
• It also contains triglycerides

Question 19

What is it called when 2 polypeptides have similar but not identical sequences?

Answer 19

-They are the same protein but from different species (human insulin vs pig insulin)

Question 20

What are the key characteristics of the Nuclear Envelope?

Answer 20

• It consists of 2 lipid bilayers
• It also contains nuclear pores that allow for regulated flow of material between the nucleus & cytoplasm

Question 21

What are the key characteristics of Nuclear Pores?

Answer 21

• They cross through the inner & outer membrane of the nuclear envelope
• And it is the site where RNA passes through the cytoplasm

Question 22

What is true about Euchromatins?

Answer 22

-They include DNA that is actively being transcribed

Question 23

What is NOT TRUE about Protein Synthesis?

Answer 23

-It is not true that protein synthesis includes catalysis of ester bond formation by the protein component of the ribosome

Question 24

What are the properties of the rough ER?

Answer 24

• It is the site for ribosomes making proteins for secretion for other organelles & other membranes
• It is also a site for glycosylation of proteins made by ribosomes on the rough ER

Question 25

What are the forms of Prokaryotic cells?

Answer 25

• They include bacteria & archea
• They are also dominant forms of life on earth in terms of numbers, mass, & diversity

Question 26

What is the order of the steps for the Secretory Pathways for proteins?

Answer 26

-RER, transport vesicle, cis golgi, trans golgi, secretory vesicle

Question 27

What is the role of the Smooth ER?

Answer 27

-It is the site of phospholipid synthesis

Question 28

What happens to the proteins destined for membranes?

Answer 28

• They have part of their sequence located in the lumen of the RER after synthesis
• And they pass through the golgi during the pathway to their final destination