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History- Elizabeth I COPY > Puritan Threat > Flashcards

Puritan Threat Flashcards

1
Q

When did the Marian exiles return?

A

1559

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2
Q

What were the Marian exiles religious severity?

A

Calvinists from Church of Geneva

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3
Q

Who were the Puritans?

A

Calvinists- Conformists, Presbyterian and Separatists

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4
Q

What was the first sign of threat from the Puritans?

A

Vestment Controversy (petition against the clothing). This was easily diffused by Parker who held a fashion show in London in response and removed 37 clergy men

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5
Q

What was the overall Puritan threat under Parliament?

A

Difficulties over Puritans in Parliament was kept on top of by Elizabeth

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6
Q

How threatening was Puritan Prophesying in 1570?

A

It indoctrinated views but were harmless. Mainly was just out to improve standards of the clergy and clerical education. Elizabeth felt threatened. This resulted in her punishing her Archbishop

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7
Q

How threatening was the Classical Movement?

A

Major groups met, challenged Elizabeths beliefs, discussed scriptures and common problems, aimed to reorganise the government of the church along the lines of Calvinism in Geneva. More of a threat

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8
Q

What key members met in the classical movement (a few not from september and all 2 septembers)

A

John Field, Cartwright, Peter Wentworth, Anthony Cope, Peter Turner, Walter Strickland. In September, included Robert Browne, Henry Barrow and John Greenwood

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9
Q

Who was Thomas Cartwright?

A

Thomas Cartwright was a Cambridge professor and a leading academic to attack settlement and office of bishops. Because of this, freedom of speech was removed in professorship

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10
Q

Who were John Field and Thomas Wilcox and what did they do 1572?

A

They were ministers who published ‘Admotion to Parliament’- asking church heirachy to be replaced. They were arrested and imprisoned

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11
Q

Whats the significance of Thomas Cartwright, John Field and Thomas Wilcox in the increase of Puritan membership?

A

Students debated their ideas, so highly established groups were becoming Puritans

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12
Q

When was the vestment controversy?

A

Between 1559-1563

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13
Q

What greater impact did the Puritan Prophesying cause in 1576?

A

Archbishop Edmund Grindall (a puritan sympathiser) refused Elizabeths orders as he believed it served a useful purpose. For challenging her authority he was suspended for not carrying out orders to suppress and was put under house arrest until his death (1583)

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14
Q

How was the Classical Movement responded to?

A

Archbishop John Whitgift laid down regulations and improved clerical standards of uniformity. This included High Commission, 24 Questions and 300-400 were removed from office.

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15
Q

When did Elizabeth prevent religion to be discussed in parliament?

A

1572

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16
Q

What bill did Strickland push from in Parliament in April 1571? What was the response?

A

Bill to remove Catholic practice in the Book of Common Prayer. He was prevented from attending the House of Commons

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17
Q

What was the response of further bills being pushed for greater reform in 1571-72?

A

Puritan ministers had licenses cancelled and the writer of Attack of Church from Admotion to parliament was arrested

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18
Q

What did Peter Wentworth attack in 1976 in Parliament?

A

He attacked clerical abuses and was later imprisoned

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19
Q

What bill was produced for parliament in 1584?

A

To change the Church to Calvin of Geneva

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20
Q

What did Peter Wentworth do in Parliament in 1587?

A

Stood up against religious matters- imprisoned in the tower of london

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21
Q

What Puritan resistances occurred in parliament in 1593?

A

Bill and Book by Anthony Cope 2 bills by James Morrise against unlawful imprisonment

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22
Q

What did the Separatists do?

A

Published pamphlets illegally to practice freedom of speech. They were a small minority who wanted to be separate from the church

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23
Q

What pamphlets have the Separatists published?

A

Disciplinale Ecclesiale by Walter Travels in 1573, criticising congregation Martin Marprelates Tracts in 1589 of crude images attacking bishops, but this did not help their image.

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24
Q

When did the Separatists actively try to separate from Church of England?

A

In the end of 1580s, led by Robert Browne

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25
Q

What was the response to the separatist movement in the late 1580s?

A

Government destroyed printing presses and imprisoned extremists. Robert Browne was executed in 1593

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26
Q

Did the separatist movement end when Robert Browne was executed?

A

No, Henry Barrow and John Greenwood took over

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27
Q

What acts/ laws were passed in response to the separatist movement?

A

Act of Seditious Secretaries in 1593 Defence of Anglican Church by Richard Hooker The Law of Ecclesiastical Policy - attacking Puritans by Richard Baneroff in 1593.

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28
Q

Why was it so difficult to officially suppress the puritans?

A

The governments methods were too strict when the Puritans wanted to be heard Had high level support from people lick Leicester and Warwick, had sympathy from high status clergy like Eridal Jewel and were supported by graduate students

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29
Q

When was the Geneva Bible in England?

A

1560

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30
Q

When was the Calvin institute ?

A

1561

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31
Q

How was there some strength to the Puritan movement?

A

Preachers were either abroad or protected by the Privy Council Nobles and gentry established lectureship and increased preaching outside government control

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32
Q

How was there some limitations to the Puritan movement?

A

No agreed doctrine Very Bible centred (needed to be literate) Martin Marprelate Tracts damaged the cause and reputation Leaders were losing the will to fight on

33
Q

How did Whitgift’s reforms weaken the Puritan movement?

A

Whitgift forced conformity through 3 articles (subscribe or be suspended)

34
Q

What was the Protestant censensus?

A

Calvinism (agreed by all elites- including Cartwright, Whitgift, Leicester, Cecil etc)

35
Q

What was the difference between Elizabeths religon and the Protestant consensus?

A

Theological difference. Elizabeth lay more on the Lutheran severity

36
Q

What was the difference between Whitgift and Carwrights views on Calvinist church?

A

Whitgift believed the the churches main function was to teach Christs message.

Cartwright believed Church sould be active in their spirituality - e.g. Prophsying the key matters of theology

37
Q

What was Whitgifts view on the handleship of Catholicism?

A

Whitgift believed the Church to be capable of identifying and controlling popery, false docternine and sin through order and discipline

38
Q

What was Cartwrights view on the handleship of Catholicism?

A

He believed that the forces of the antichrist were so pervasive and supernaturally strong that no opening could be allowed for them to enter. Therefore all popery should be uprooted, sinners cut off and the church should follow scriptures in all detail as any human interpretation risked influence from the anti-christ.

39
Q

What was Carwrights view of Elizabeths handleship of the Catholics?

A

He believed that the church was too papist, so any sign of Catholicism must be eradicated. He believed the devil can lead humans astray when they form the church based on interpretation of the bible.

40
Q

What did Presbytarian disagree with in Elizabeths church?

A

They disagreed with having bishops and archbishops (a hierachy) because there is no evidence of this in the Bible. It was believed human interpretation led to the devil slipping in to corrupting the church.

41
Q

How were the Puritans identified and how were they restricted from gaining power?

A

Puritans were not a separatist sect out the CofE

Puritans were not members of an opposition group in Parliament

They could be identified by their intensity, piety and commintment to further religious reform

42
Q

Why did Sampson intiate the controversy?

A

Sampson (May 1565) - a dan of Oxford and marian exile. He was deprived office by the queen for refusing to wear the clerical dress (as he believed it prevented him from the laity and was not allowed in the Bible= as Jesus acts against the pirest for wearing different clothes than the people )

43
Q

What was Parkers response to the Vestment Controversy?

A

Parker’s Advertisement in 1566 - modelled the dress and concessions were made (e.g. havng no surplice at communion)

44
Q

What was Bullinger (leading reformer in Switzerland) response to the Vestment controversy?

A

He pointed out that disobedience threatened all English protestantism. This reassured the majority of the bishops.

45
Q

What was John Jewel and Grindall (conformist) response to the Vestment Controversy?

A

They sympathised with Sampson but would not risk progress so far with leaving posts and would obey the queen for the sake on unity.

46
Q

Whatw as the first public criticism from the Presbytarians in 1570? What was the response?

A

Criticism of the structure of the CofE by Cartwright, who lectured at Cambridge that Elizabethan CofE differed from the CHurch of the New Testament and reform was needed- Cartwright.

He lost his professorship (‘chair’)

47
Q

Who published the Admotion to Parliament and when?

A

Field and Wilcox in 1572 as a parliament petition.

48
Q

What was Susan Doran’s interpertation of the the Admotion to Parliament?

A

She argues tht this was never intended to be passed as they knew it was too radical for Parliament to accept- it was an appeal to public opinion

49
Q

What was the general opinion of the Admotion to Parliament?

A

Sampson (leader of Vestment controversy) kept his distance from the movement

Thomas Norton (who was trying to introduce bills to reform the Prayer Book) also believed this was harmful

50
Q

What was the result of the Presbytarian movement, Admotion to Parliament?

A

Presbytarians - marginal force withing Elizabeth’s puritanists

Field and Wilcox sent to prison BUT it was widely read - so it successfully formed public opinion

51
Q

How did Parker and Bullinger describe the Vestment arrangement in attempts to reassure bishops?

A

He employed the ida of ADIAPHORA (‘the thing indifferent to salvation’ - religious practces which might not in themselves be welcome, but which were not likely to affect ones predesitination.

52
Q

What did the Three Arcticles (1583, by Whitigift) consist of?

A

1) Required the ministers the accept Royal Supremacy
2) Required an agreement of the Book of Common Prayer and the Ordinal contained nothing contrary to the word of God
3) Subscribers had to acknowledge that the Thirty Nine Articles were similarly agreeable to the word of God.

Ex officio oath- If a bishop was under suspicion they were forced to take oath and answer all questions truthfully

53
Q

What was Anthony Copes Bill and Book in Feb 1587?

A

Proposed replacing the Book of Common Prayer and replacing it with versions of the Geneva Prayer Book which icorporated a fully Presbytarian system of church government.

54
Q

When was the Martin Marprelate tracts and what were they?

A

1588-9.

Were Puritan pamphlets that wer outrageous satirical and bitter attacks of the title ‘Martin bishop smasher’ . Described Whitgift as the ‘pope of London’

55
Q

What Cartwrights response to the Martin Marprelates?

A

He was quick to disassociate himself from the tracts.

56
Q

How did Henry Barrow and John Greenwood contribute to the separatist movement?

A

They were imprisoned for years but were able to arrange to have several of their works published abroad. They were executed in 1593, under ‘An Act to retain the Qeens subjects in obedience’- resultably giving separatist a number of unpalattable options.

57
Q

What were the weaknesses of the Separatists?

A

The were numerically insignificant

They had no powerful supporters to protect against the government.

It lacked unity.

58
Q

What happened under the Second Admotion?

A

Pro-Presbytarian pamphlet

Whitgift in 1572-1573 publishes a response

Carwright publishes a defence - becoming a pamphlet war

59
Q

What was the significance of the second admotion for the overall presbytarian movement.

A

Keeps the issue of Presbytarianism in the public eye for 2 decades

Presbytarians therefore made the most persistant challenge

60
Q

How far did the Second Admotion cause presbytarianism to spread? Why?

A

Presbytarian leadership started in London and Cambridgeshire. It spread to Norfolk/ Northamptonshire and Shropshire- getting lay (common) support because of the counter reformation threat of the excommunication (1570) and Ridolfi plot (1571)

61
Q

Why did Cecil and Leiceter support the Presbytarian movement?

A

They were motivated by anti catholic sentiment causing them to support the presbytarian cause. They felt that now was not the time to silence protestant minister- assuring the strength of the protestant cause (to protect her)

62
Q

Who did Burghley protect (presbytarian)?

A

A preacher called Dering was protected from suspension by Burghley

63
Q

Who did Leicester protect (presbytarian)?

A

Wake was prevented from suspension by Leicester

64
Q

What does Deran argue about Presbytarian protection?

A

He argues that without the patronage of men like Cecil and Leicester, the movement would have died at birth.

65
Q

What is the significance of Matthew Parker in the Presbytarian movement?

A

He tries to repress Presbytarianists with some success.

Travers, Cartwright and Field are exiled to Geneva

BUT Parker died in 1575.

66
Q

What does Grindal do for the Presbytarian movement?

A

He tries to heal the divisions but falls out with the Queen. Causing his house arrest in 1577 until death of 1583.

67
Q

What does Cecil and Leicester do for the Prtestant cause in response to the CAtholic threat of 1579-1583?

A

Cecil and leicester were alarmed to see energy spent on depriving the protestants.

Cecil encourages Travers to return as Chaplin to his own household

Leicester and Knollys get a preaching license and lecture position for John Field

The Presbytarian movement survived as a reult/

68
Q

What does John Field do once he is encouraged to lecture again ?

A

John Field becomes the centre of the movement- decinding to try and change the church from within in the hope of taking over the official church.

69
Q

What does John Field do in attempt to change the church from within?

A

He kept in contact with ministers all over the country.

In 1584 Parliamentary Elections, they lobbed MPs for change (so getting more MPs to support the Puritan cause), they won a few seats in parliament - no big games, even in Puritan stronghold e.g. Leicester

70
Q

Why is John Fields attempt to change the church from within unsuccessful?

A

Whitgift was the Archbishop of Cantebury and therefore there was little hope.

This is around the time when Parliament refuses to read Turners bill and even ore moderate Puritan bills.

71
Q

What did Whitgift do to impose conformity?

A

Introduced a series of Reforms to remove abuses that made the CofE vulnerable to Puritan attack

To throw out anyone who refused to conform with the Prayer book.

72
Q

What happened when Whitgift tried to throw out people who didnt conform to the Prayer Book?

A

Cecil and Leicester protested and so Whitgift eventually had to compromise- saying to just use it for outward conformity. People agree to conform but to not be questioned of their opinion, which was acceptable as Elizabeth did not want to ‘form windows into mens hearts’

73
Q

How was Whitgift firm towards Cecil and Leicester?

A

He resists attempts by Cecil and Leicester to support the ring leaders - Cartwirght was refused a license to preach when requested by Leicester.

74
Q

What was the Puritan response to Whitgift? What happened to them?

A

Through Parliament:

Anthony Cope bill in 1587 - radical but granted a reading due to strong anti-Catholic feeling as a result of the Babington Plot. This caused Elizabeth to take action, ordering Cope and 4 MP’s to the tower. Commons then caved in and did not protest

75
Q

What did Puritans do as a result of WHitgift muzzling the Puritan press (causing no opportunity for publicity)?

A

Presbytarian sought to establish a shadow Church but there wasnt enough national strength, nor was there unity. As many were not prepared to become non-conformists.

76
Q

What factors caused the Presbytarian movement to hinder and be silenced by 1586?

A

Whitgift joins the Privy Council, Hatton became Lord Chancellor, Leicester and Walsingham had died, as did Field in 1588- causing there to be no presbytarian campagin in 1589 Parliament. Plus there was the Armada success in 1588, showing that God was on her side and that there was nothing unGodly about her church

77
Q

What was Presbytarian response to the Martin Marprelate Tracts in 1588-9?

A

They were shocked of their foul language - including Carwirght and Travers. Cartwright immediately said that he was not responsible- showing the conflict within their own group

78
Q

What is Whitgift overall successful for in handling the Church?

A

He is successful in reassuring the bishops that although the Church may not be perfect, it is better than Catholicism, motivating more Bishops to outwardly conform.

History- Elizabeth I COPY (11 decks)

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