cho and exercise

Question 1

where is cho stored in the body?

Answer 1

muscles and liver

Question 2

where is cho consumed by the body

Answer 2

muscles

Question 3

what does liver use stored cho for

Answer 3

adjust blood glucose levels

Question 4

what does adipose tissue do with glucose

Answer 4

degrades it to acetyl coA and uses it to synthesis fatty acids

Question 5

what fuels does the brain use

Answer 5

glucose and ketone bodies

Question 6

when is cho stored in liver degraded

Answer 6

during fasting periods to maintain blood glucose levels

Question 7

how long do liver glycogen stores last

Answer 7

24hours

Question 8

how is blood glucose regulated

Answer 8

insulin released by beta cells of pancreas to increase uptake of glucose from the blood
glucagon released by alpha cells of pancreas to increase conversion of glycogen to glucose to be released into the blood

Question 9

what happens when glycogen stores run out

Answer 9

glucose is synthesised from gluconeogensis - metabolic process where glucose is generated from a non-carbohydrate carbon like lactate, glycerol or glucogenic amino acids

Question 10

how does the body attempt to store glycogen

Answer 10

utilising other fuels like fatty acids or ketone bodies

Question 11

how much glycogen is stored in the liver

Answer 11

80-100g

Question 12

how much glycogen is stored in the muscles

Answer 12

300-500g

Question 13

can muscle glycogen enter the circulation

Answer 13

no

Question 14

what products of active muscles can be released into the circulation

Answer 14

lactate and pyruvate

Question 15

describe the Cori Cycle

Answer 15

glycogen from the liver is converted into glucose which travels in the circulation to the muscles. muscles convert the glucose to pyruvate whilst producing energy. the pyruvate is converted into lactate which travels to the liver via the circulation and is converted back into pyruvate which is converted back into glucose. the conversion from pyruvate to glucose requires energy.

Question 16

conversion of lactate to pyruvate to glucose in the liver is called

Answer 16

gluconeogensis

Question 17

conversion of glucose to pyruvate to lactate is called

Answer 17

glycolysis

Question 18

what factors affect the regulation of blood glucose

Answer 18

only controlled by glucose from the liver - not muscles 
hormones - insulin/glucagon/adrenaline 
blood glucose level 
physical activity 
SNS

Question 19

describe cho use during anaerobic exercise

Answer 19

cho quickly used up, limited efficiency, leads to accumulation of pyruvate and lactate

Question 20

describe cho use during aerobic exercise

Answer 20

cho used slower but higher efficiency and higher dependency on O2