Module 15

Question 1

Physiology:

Answer 1

The study of life processes in an organism.

Question 2

Nastic:

Answer 2

A plant’s response to a stimulus such that the direction of the response is preprogrammed and not dependent on the direction of the stimulus

Question 3

Pore Spaces:

Answer 3

Spaces in the soil that determine how much water and air the soil can hold

Question 4

Loam:

Answer 4

A mixture of gravel, sand, silt, clay, and organic material

Question 5

Cohesion:

Answer 5

The phenomenon that occurs when individual molecules are so strongly attracted to each other that they tend to stay together, even when exposed to tension.

Question 6

Translocation:

Answer 6

The process by which organic substances move through the phloem of a plant.

Question 7

Hormones:

Answer 7

Chemicals that circulate throughout multicellular organisms, regulating cellular processes by interacting with specifically targeted cells.

Question 8

Phototropism:

Answer 8

A growth response to light

Question 9

Gravitropism:

Answer 9

A growth response to gravity

Question 10

Thigmotropism:

Answer 10

A growth response to touch

Question 11

Perfect flowers:

Answer 11

Flowers with both stamens and carpels

Question 12

Imperfect Flowers:

Answer 12

Flowers with either stamens or carpels, but not both.

Question 13

Pollination:

Answer 13

The transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the carpel in flowering plants.

Question 14

Double fertilization:

Answer 14

A fertilization process that requires two sperm to fuse with 2 other cells

Question 15

Seed:

Answer 15

An ovule with a protective coating, encasing a mature plant embryo and a nutrient source

Question 16

Fruit:

Answer 16

A mature ovary that contains a seed or seeds.

Question 17

Name the 4 processes for which plants require water. Which of these processes can be neglected for a short amount of time?

Answer 17

Photosynthesis, turgor pressure, hydrolysis, and transport. Turgor pressure.

Question 18

A biologist studies 2 plants. The flowers of the 1st plant open each morning and close each night. The 2nd plant’s flowers stay open all of the time. However, if the plant is placed so that one of its sides is the shade and the other is in the sunlight, the plant will eventually grow so that all of its leaves point towards the sunlight. Which plant is using nastic movement and which is using phototropism?

Answer 18

1st-nastic movement

2nd- phototropism

Question 19

Briefly describe the cohesion-tension theory of water transport in plants.

Answer 19

When water evaporates through the open stoma. the molecule below the one that was evaporated moves up to take its place etc. which eventually makes all the water from the roots to move upwards.

Question 20

Do xylem cells need to be alive in order for xylem to so their job? Why or Why not?

Answer 20

No. Because they need not play an active role in transport.

Question 21

Do Phloem cells need to be alive in order for Phloem to so their job? Why or Why not?

Answer 21

Yes. Because they take an active part in transport.

Question 22

What substances do xylem contain? What substances do Phloem contain?

Answer 22

X-Water + dissolved minerals

P- sugar + organic nutrients

Question 23

Do insectivorous plants really eat insects? Why or Why not?

Answer 23

No. They decompose the insects and use their raw materials for biosynthesis

Question 24

From a genetic point of view, what is the difference between vegetative reproduction and sexual reproduction in plants?

Answer 24

Vegetative results in offspring with identical genetic codes to the parents
Sexual results in offspring with similar but not identical genetic codes as the parents

Question 25

A gardener says that one limb of his crabapple tree now produces normal-sized apples. What must the gardener have done to make this happen?

Answer 25

He grafted (the branch of a normal sized apple tree to the crabapple tree)

Question 26

What is the male reproductive organ of a flower? What is the female reproductive organ? What are their different parts?

Answer 26

Male-stamen-anther + stalk

Female-carpel-Stigma + style + ovary + ovules

Question 27

Why are the pollen grains and embryo sacs of flowers sometimes considered the gametophyte generation in an alternation of generation life cycle?

Answer 27

both structures oar multicellular + they both reproduce using gametes

Question 28

What 2 types of cells are found in a pollen grain?

Answer 28

Sperm cell and tube nucleus

Question 29

Typically, How many cells are in an embryo sac? How many of them get fertilized?

Answer 29

7 (one big one with 2 nuclei and 6 little ones) 2

Question 30

What are the 10 structures of a flower?

Answer 30

Stigma, style, ovary, ovules, septal, anther, stalk, petal, receptacle.

Question 31

What is the difference between pollination and fertilization?

Answer 31

P-is simply the transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma.
F-is the act of the sperms fusing with the egg and the large central nucleus in the embryo sac.

Question 32

How many sperm cells are used in plant fertilization?

Answer 32

2

Question 33

Where does the endosperm come from? What is its purpose?

Answer 33

it comes from the fertilization of the large 2-nucleus cell that is at the center of the embryo sac. It provides nutrition for the developing embryo.

Question 34

The cotyledon or cotyledons help provide food for the plant before and often after germination. How do cotyledons accomplish each task?

Answer 34

before-they either absorb the endosperm or aid in the transfer of nutrients from the endosperm to the embryo
after-the often perform photosynthesis.

Question 35

Name the 3 basic parts of the plant embryo and what each gives rise to in germination

Answer 35

radicle-root, hypocotyl-stem, and epucotyl-1st leaves

Question 36

What is the purpose of a fruit?

Answer 36

it allows for the dispersal of seeds far away from the parent

Question 37

Name at least 3 ways in which pollen is transferred from the stamens of one flower to the carpel of another.

Answer 37

wind, bees, beetles, birds, moths, or butterflies

Question 38

Why are cotyledons sometimes called “seed leaves”?

Answer 38

they form a leaf-like structures if the come up with the seed.

Question 39

When an embryo sac is fertilizer, which cell is not diploid:the zygote or the endosperm?

Answer 39

The endosperm