78 Revision

Question 1

How to improve reliability

Answer 1

Calculate the mean and repeat the test 3 times

Question 2

CIDSAM =

Answer 2

Control variable Same (stays the same)
Independent variable Alter (change)
Dependent variable Measure

Question 3

SLAPUK

Answer 3

Scale
Lines
Axis
Points
Units
Key

Question 4

Animal cell

Answer 4

Cell membrane, ribosomes, nucleus, mitochondria, cytoplasm

Question 5

Plant cell

Answer 5

Nucleus, cell wall, cell membrane, vacuole, mitochondria, ribosomes, cytoplasm, chloroplast, vacuole membrane

Question 6

Nucleus

Answer 6

Controls the cell and contains its genetic information

Question 7

Chloroplast

Answer 7

contain a green chemical used to produce food from sunlight, in a process called photosynthesis.

Question 8

Cell membrane

Answer 8

a barrier that controls what enters and exits the cell.

Question 9

Cytoplasm

Answer 9

the jelly-like substance where lots of chemical reactions happen.

Question 10

Mitochondria

Answer 10

uses food to release energy through a chemical reaction called respiration.

Question 11

Vacuole

Answer 11

contain cell sap and help to keep the cell firm.

Question 12

Cell wall

Answer 12

strengthen the cell and provide support.

Question 13

Ribosomes

Answer 13

Makes proteins in the cell

Question 14

The 7 nutrients

Answer 14

Carbohydrates, minerals, proteins, lipids, water, vitamins, dietary fibre

Question 15

Carbohydrates

Answer 15

Use: to provide energy
Example: bread, pasta, rice

Question 16

Protein

Answer 16

Use: For growth and repair
Examples: fish, meat, eggs, beans

Question 17

Minerals

Answer 17

Use: Needed in small amounts to maintain health
Examples: salt, milk (for calcium) and liver (for iron)

Question 18

Lipids

Answer 18

Use: to provide energy. Also to store energy in the body and insulate it against the cold.
Examples: Butter, nuts, oil

Question 19

Dietary fibre

Answer 19

Use: To provide roughage to help keep the food moving through the gut
Examples: Vegetables, bran

Question 20

Water

Answer 20

Use: needed for cells and body fluids
Examples, water, fruit juice, milk

Question 21

Vitamins

Answer 21

Use: needed in small amounts to maintain health
Examples: vegetables, dairy foods, fruits

Question 22

Food test for starch

Answer 22

The iodine test with a colour change of yellowy-brown to bluey-black

Question 23

Food test for glucose

Answer 23

The Benedict’s test with a colour change of blue to brick red

Question 24

Food test for protein

Answer 24

The Biuret’s test with a colour change of blue to purple

Question 25

Food test for fat

Answer 25

The grease spot test with a colour change from opaque to clear

Question 26

Organs of the digestive system

Answer 26

Oesophagus, stomach, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, anus

Question 27

What is chemical digestion?

Answer 27

When enzymes digest/breakdown food into nutrients

Question 28

What is physical digestion?

Answer 28

The breaking down of food particles into smaller particles eg. Chewing or stomach contractions

Question 29

What is peristalsis?

Answer 29

Muscular waves of contraction that push food through your digestive system.

Question 30

What is indigestion?

Answer 30

Pain or discomfort in the upper part of your stomach.

Question 31

What is digestion?

Answer 31

The process by which food can be broken down into smaller molecules that can be absorbed.

Question 32

What is absorption?

Answer 32

Absorption is the process that takes place post digestion. In this process, the digested food within the small intestine is now transported to the blood via the help of villi on the inner walls of the small intestine.

Question 33

Where does absorption occur?

Answer 33

In the small intestine which has microvilli to increase the surface area

Question 34

What is an enzyme?

Answer 34

A protein that acts as a biological catalyst - speeds up digestion.

Question 35

What enzymes are there?

Answer 35

Protease which breaks down proteins Lipase which breaks down lipids Carbohydrase which breaks down carbohydrates

Question 36

Where are enzymes found?

Answer 36

In the mouth, the stomach and the pancreas (the ones in the pancreas get released into the small intestine)

Question 37

What is diffusion?

Answer 37

The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Question 38

What are the 5 kingdoms?

Answer 38

Protoctists, bacteria, fungi, animals, plants Note: all life can be classified into the 5 kingdoms

Question 39

Main features of bacteria

Answer 39

Has a cytoplasm, a cell membrane and a cell wall

Question 40

Main features of protoctists

Answer 40

Has cytoplasm, a cell membrane, a nucleus, a mitochondria and some types have a cell wall and chloroplasts.

Question 41

Main features of fungi

Answer 41

Has cytoplasm, a cell membrane, a nucleus, a mitochondria and a cell wall

Question 42

Main features of plants

Answer 42

Has cytoplasm, a cell membrane, a nucleus, mitochondria, a cell wall and chloroplasts (everything basically)

Question 43

Main features of animals

Answer 43

Has cytoplasm, a cell membrane, a nucleus and mitochondria

Question 44

Where do fungi get their nutrition from?

Answer 44

Nutrition from decomposition and mode of nutrition is called saprotrophic nutrition (releasing enzymes onto their food and taking in the soluble products of digestion)

Question 45

Key processes of the carbon cycle

Answer 45

Respiration, photosynthesis, combustion and decomposition

Question 46

What do fungi and bacteria do in recycling carbon?

Answer 46

Dead organisms, urine and faeces are broken down into simpler carbon compounds by bacteria or fungi

Question 47

What does the term pathogen mean?

Answer 47

It means something which causes disease

Question 48

Bacterial Cell

Answer 48

Contains pili/pilus, cytoplasm, loop of dna, ribosomes, capsule, cell membrane, flagellum