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anatomy of head & neck > Theme 5 > Flashcards

Theme 5 Flashcards

Mouth

1
Q

Submandibular Region

  1. Boundaries
  2. Contents
A

1.

Anterior: Anterior Digastric

Posterior: Posterior Digastric

Superior: Inferior body of the Mandible

Roof: Deep Cervical Fascia

Floor: Mylohyoid, Hyoglossus, Middle Pharyngeal Constrictor

2.

  • Submandibular Gland and duct
  • Facial Artery and vein
  • Lingual Artery and vein (Lingual N is deep to the submandibular floor)
  • CNXII
  • Nerve to Mylohyoid - branch of the CNV3
  • Inferior alveolar Stylohyoid Ligament
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2
Q

Submandibular Gland

  1. What type of gland is it?
  2. Innervation
  3. What is the role of the mylohyoid muscle?
  4. Size
  5. Where is the opening/duct?
  6. What crosses over the submandibular duct?
A
  1. Serious & Mucous gland

2.

Parasympathetic: postganglionic fibers from Submandibular ganglion VII, hanging off Lingual nerve

Sympathetic: Branches of Superior Cervical Ganglion

  1. Mylohyoid muscle separates it into deep &superficial lobes
  2. Intermediate between Partid (big) & Sublingual (small)
  3. duct runs from the deep lobe of the gland over the mylohyoid’s superior surface & opens at sublingual papilla at the base of the lingual frenulum
  4. Lingual nerve - first laterally & then medially
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3
Q

Boundaries of the Oral Cavity

A

Roof - Hard & Soft palates

Anterior - Lips

Lateral - Cheeks

Floor - Mylohyoid

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4
Q

Sublingual Gland

  1. What type of gland is it?
  2. Innervation
  3. Location
A
  1. Smallest, mixed serous & mucous

2.

Postganglionic fibres from submandibular ganglion

Preganglionic fibres from Chora Tympani -> Branch of CNVII

  1. Floor of the mouth, opens into mouth via small ducts
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5
Q

Contents of the Floor of the Mouth

A

Lateral to Hypoglossus

  • Lingual Nerve (really close to lower 8s) + Damage = loss of touch & taste from anterior 2/3 mouth, loss of senstation from floor of the mouth & salivary function
  • CNXII
  • lingual Vein
  • Deep lobe & duct of Submandibular gland

Medial to Hypoglossus muscle:

  • CNIX
  • Lingual Artery
  • Stylohyoid ligament
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6
Q

Features of the Tongue

  1. What are the different structures found on the tongue?
  2. Where does each part of the tongue reside?
A

1.

Sulcus Terminalis: V-shaped groove on the tongue - dividing into Ant. 2/3 & Post. 1/3

Foramen Caecum: Pit at the apex of Sulcus Terminalis

Median Sulcus: Straight groove running down middle of tongue

Dorsum: Superior & Posterior roughened surface of tongue

Lingual Frenulmen: fold on interior surface of tongue. From base towards lower central incisors

2.

Ant. 2/3 = Oral Cavity

Post. 1/3 = Pharynx

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7
Q

Tongue Papillae

What are the different types of Papillae found?

A

Circumvallate Papillae IX:

  • Large Circular Papillae
  • 12 on Sulcus Terminalis

Filiform Papillae:

  • Thin, pink threadlike projections
  • Arranged in V-shaped rows parallel to Sulcus Terminalis

Fungiform Papillae:

  • Mushroom-shaped red papillae
  • More conc. at tip & lateral margins of tongue
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8
Q

Innervation of the Tongue & Papillae

A

Ant. 2/3: Lingual Nerve

Post. 1/3: CNIX

Taste = Chorda Tympani VII via Lingual V3

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9
Q

Motor Innervation of the Muscles of the Tongue

A

CNXII BUT Palatoglossus is Pharyngeal Plexus IX

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10
Q

Extrinsic Muscles of the Tongue - Overall function?

What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue? What are their functions?

A

Function: Change position

Hypoglossus: Depresses & retracts tongue

  • Originates from upper aspects of Hyoid horns
  • Wide & flat
  • Forms floor of Submandibular Triangle with Mylohyoid
  • Function: Depresses &retracts tongue

Styloglossus: Elevates & retracts tongue

Genioglossus: Retracts the Tip of the tongue (Superior fibres)

  • separated into different sections of fibres
  • Originates from superior genial tubercle of the mandible
  • Lowest fibres into Hyoid bone
  • Middle & Inferior fibres protrude the tongue

Palatoglossus: Elevates the back to the tongue

  • closing of Oropharynx = allows swallowing
  • Innervated by Pharyngeal Plexus IX
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11
Q

Intrinsic Muscles of the Tongue

  • Overall function?

What are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue? What are their functions?

A

Function: Change shape

Superior Longitudinal Fibres - under the Dorsum (surface of tongue)

&

Inferior Longitudinal Fibres : Shorten the tongue & curl the tip

Vertical Fibres: Flatten & broaden tongue

Transverse Fibres: Narrow tongue & curl up sides

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12
Q

Inferior Alveolar Nerve

  1. What is it a branch of?
  2. What is its pathway?
A
  1. Mandibular Division of Trigeminal Nerve = V3

2.

  • Enters Mandibular Foramen - traveling across the alveolar process inside the mandible bone
  • Mental nerve branch comes out of Mental Foramen
  • After branching IAN = Incisive nerve: innervating canines & incisors
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13
Q

Innervation of Maxillary Teeth & Gingiva

A

Teeth: Superior Alveolars - all infraorbital branches

  • 1-3: Anterior SA (central incisors to canine)
  • 4-6: MIddle SA (pre molars)
  • 7-8: Posterior SA (molars)

Buccal Gingiva: Long Buccal N &Post. Sup. Alveolar N

  • 1-3: Infraorbital Nerve (central incisors to canine)
  • 4-8: PSA & Long buccal N (pre molars & molars)

Palatal Gingiva: Greater Palatine

  • 1-3: Nasopalatine Nerve
  • 4-8: Greater Palatine Nerve
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14
Q

Innervation of Mandible Teeth & Gingiva:

A

Teeth: IAN (Inferior Alveolar Nerve)

  • 1-3: Incisive nerve branch of IAN (central incisors to canine)
  • 4-8: IAN

Buccal Gingiva:

  • 1-3: Mental Nerve (IAN)
  • 4-8: Long Buccal Nerve

Lingual Gingiva: Lingual Nerve (branch of IAN)

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15
Q

What are the Two Types of Dental Anaesthesia?

A
  1. Local Infiltration
  2. Nerve Block
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16
Q

Local Anesthesia

  1. What is the benefit of LA?
  2. What is the method?
  3. When may Palatal Gingiva anesthesia be needed? How is it done?
A
  1. Each maxillary tooth may be individually anaesthetised

2.

  • Before injection, topical anesthetic is given to area - anesthetising Vertibular Gingiva
  • Needle Pierces though vestibular muscosa surrounding tooth
  1. Anesthesia of the palatal gingiva (full crown preparation & surgery)
    * Pierce needle through Palatal gingiva
17
Q

Nerve Block

What are the different method in which a nerve block may be established?

A
  • Ant. & Middle SAN: block at Infraorbital Foramen
  • Post. SAN: block maxillary artery before it enters Infraorbital canal
  • Nasopalatine Block
  • Greater Palatine Block

anatomy of head & neck (12 decks)

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