Joints Flashcards
1
Q
Joint Functions
A
movement
flex bones
Gives skeleton mobility
hold the skeleton together
2
Q
Structural classification:
A
(1) Fibrous joints • Dense connective tissues connect bones • Between bones in close contact (2) Cartilaginous joints • Hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage connect bones (3) Synovial joints • Most complex • Allow free movement
3
Q
Functional classification:
A
- Synarthrotic joints
- Considered immovable
- Amphiarthrotic joints
- Slightly movable
- Diarthrotic joints
- Freely movable
4
Q
General structure of synovial joint
A
•There are specific parts of a synovial joint: • Articular cartilage • Joint cavity • Joint capsule • Synovial membrane • Synovial fluid • Meniscus • Bursae
5
Q
Shoulder joints
A
• Ball-and-socket • Head of humerus and glenoid cavity of scapula • Loose joint capsule • Bursae • Ligaments prevent displacement • Very wide range of movement (circumduction)
6
Q
Elbow Joints
A
- Hinge joint
- Trochlea of humerus
- Trochlear notch of ulna
- Flexion and extension
- Plane/Gliding joint
- Capitulum of humerus
- Head of radius
- Pronation and supination
- Many reinforcing ligaments
7
Q
Hip Joints
A
• Ball-and-socket joint • Head of femur and acetabulum of hip bone • Heavy joint capsule • Many reinforcing ligaments • Variety of movement, yet less than at shoulder joint
8
Q
Knee Joints
A
• Largest joint • Most complex – 3 bones • Medial and lateral condyles of distal end of femur and • Medial and lateral condyles of proximal end of tibia and • Femur articulates anteriorly with patella • Strengthened by many ligaments and tendons • Menisci separate femur and tibia • Bursae
9
Q
Types of Joint movement
A
Abduction/adduction • Dorsiflexion/plantar flexion • Flexion/extension/hyperextension • Lateral flexion • Rotation • Circumduction • Supination/pronation • Eversion/inversion • Protraction/retraction • Elevation/depression
10
Q
Disorders joints
A
- Gout
*
11
Q
Lifespan Changes
A
Joint stiffness is an early sign of aging
• Fibrous joints first to change; can strengthen however over a
lifetime
• Changes in symphysis joints of vertebral column diminish
flexibility and decrease height (remember water loss from the
IVDs)
• Synovial joints lose elasticity
• Disuse hampers the blood supply
• Activity and exercise can keep joints functional longer
