stroke Flashcards
what are the non-modifiable risk factors for strokes
age, sex, ethnicity, prior stroke and genetics
modifiable risk factors for stroke
hypertension diabetes dyslipidemia atrial fibrillation cvd smoking / second hand smoke sickle cell postmenopausal hormone therapy diet and nutrition physical inactivity obesity and body fat distribution
what is a stroke
neurological deficit - sudden onset and lasting more than 24h
less then 24h is transient ischemic attack
damage to part of the brain due to blockage by thrombus or haemorrhage
what are the symptoms of stroke
loss of power, sensation, speech, vision, coordination
what is the difference between hemorrhagic stroke and ischemic stroke
in haemorrhagic - blood leaks into brain tissue
in ischemic - clot stops blood supply to brain
what is a carotid stenosis
clot and plaque in carotid artery - going to brain
what causes cardioembolic stroke
atrial fibrillation - blood isnt pumped efficiently through the heart and pools which can cause clots which can move to circulation and cause a blockage - ischemia
what is a lacunar stroke
small vessel stroke
CT vs MRI for stroke scanning?
CT - quick and shows up blood
MRI - takes 30min and claustrophobic but shows ischaemic stroke better than CT does
what is the penumbra
zone of reversible ischemia around core of irreversible ischemia - can be saved in the first few hours after ischemic onset
how can treatment damage a stroke patient
cause unexpected bleeding in brain or somewhere else
secondary prevention
decrease risk factors - statins and aspirin for anti coagulant properties
