Molecules and matter Flashcards
Define Matter
A physical substance that has mass, which is the amount of ‘stuff’ in a substance.
What is mass made up of?
Generally made up of atoms.
What describes the state of a substance?
The way that the atoms (particles) are arranged of that substance.
Give the arrangement, movement of particles, forces between the bonds and the volume of a solid.
Regular arrangement, in repeating patterns; very close together (fixed position) (crystalline structure).
Particles vibrate around a fixed point.
Intermolecular forces create strong bonds between particles.
Give the arrangement, movement of particles, forces between the bonds and the volume of a liquid
Irregular arrangement, very close together, but not fixed.
Particles move freely and randomly.
Weaker intermolecular forces between particles, reducing attraction through bonds.
Give the arrangement, movement of particles and forces between the bonds of a gas.
No arrangement, particles are far apart and move around in random directions.
Particles move with higher speeds, and in random directions. Intermolecular forces are negligible, allowing particles to move around separately bonds are broken.
What is the volume of a solid?
Volume is fixed. Shape is fixed. Cannot be compressed.
What is the volume of a liquid?
Volume is fixed, but takes shape of container. Cannot be compressed. Liquids flow.
What is the volume of a gas?
Volume not fixed , because it can be compressed. Takes shape of container.
What does volume equal (equation)?
V = m / p
volume = mass / density
m = Vp
mass = volume x density
What is the equation for density?
p = m / v
Density = mass / volume
What is the temperature of boiling water in degrees C and K?
100 degrees C
373 degrees K
What is the temperature of absolute zero equal in degrees C and K?
-273 degrees C
0 degrees K
What is the temperature of melting ice in degrees C and K?
0 degrees C
273 degrees K
What type of energy do particles in solids, liquids and gases have?
Kinetic because they are moving and potential because their motion keeps them separated and opposes the bonds pulling the together. Gas has the most potential energy because its particles are furthest apart.
