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SFIV Test 3 > Pelvic Vasculature and Perineum > Flashcards

Pelvic Vasculature and Perineum Flashcards

1
Q

What regions does the internal iliac artery supply?

A

Pelvic viscera, pelvic walls, perineum, and gluteal region

Divides into anterior and posterior divisions

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2
Q

What are the branches of the posterior division of the internal iliac artery?

A

Iliolumbar Artery - iliac fossa and lower lumbar region

Lateral Sacral Artery - supplies radicular branches to anterior spinal artery

Superior Gluteal Artery - Supplies gluteal muscles

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3
Q

What are the branches of the anterior division of the internal iliac artery?

A

Obturator artery - medial thigh

Umbilical Artery - Patent, upper part of urinary bladder

Inferior Vesical Artery - Only in males, base of bladder, prostate and seminal vesicles

Middle Rectal Artery - often absent, especially in females

Vaginal Artery - equivalent to inferior vesical artery in males

Uterine Artery - Crosses superior to ureter

Inferior Gluteal

Internal Pudendal

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4
Q

What is the perineum?

A

Diamond-shaped region of the true pelvis inferior to the pelvic diaphragm

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5
Q

What are the boundaries of the perineum?

A

A-P: Pubic symphysis to tip of coccyx

Lateral: Pubic Arches, Ischial rami, Ischial tuberosities

Transverse line divides it into urogenital and anal triangle

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6
Q

What is the urogenital triangle?

A

Anterior triangle: contains urogenital structures such as root of penis; vulva, urogenital diaphragm

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7
Q

What is the anal triangle?

A

Posterior triangle: contains anal canal and adjacent external anal sphincter

Borders:

Posterior: coccyx tip

Lateral: Sacrotuberous ligament

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8
Q

What is the ischioanal fossa and its borders?

A

Wedge-shaped space

Borders

Base: Skin surrounding anus

Lateral: obturator internus

Medial: Levator ani

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9
Q

What are the contents of the ischioanal fossa?

A

Pudendal nerve and internal pudendal artery and vein

Pudendal canal - fascial canal within obturator internus fascia

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10
Q

What is the pudendal nerve?

A

Formed from S2-S4

Somatic nerve that provides innervation to most of perineum

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11
Q

What are the branches of the pudendal nerve?

A

Inferior rectal nerve - external anal sphincter and lower half of anal canal

Perineal nerve - motor to pernial muscles and posterior scrotum/labia

Dorsal nerve of the penis/clitoris

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12
Q

What are the branches of the internal pudendal artery?

A

Inferior rectal artery

Branches to structures of urogenital triangle

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13
Q

What are the contents of the anal triangle?

A

Pudendal nerve

Internal Pudendal artery

Associated veins

Anal Canal

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14
Q

What are the boundaries of the urogenital triangle?

A

Posterior: imaginary line between the ischial tuberosities

Lateral - inferior rami of pubis and ramus of ischium

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15
Q

What is the urogenital diaphragm?

A

Located inferior to the pelvic diaphragm

Functions to prevent herniation (prolapse) of bladder, prostate, and uterus

Urethra and vagina both pass through diaphragm

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16
Q

What are the layers of the urogenital diaphragm?

A

Superior Fascial Layer

Deep Perineal Pouch

Inferior Fascial Layer

17
Q

What is the deep perineal pouch?

A

Lies between the superior and inferior fascial ayers of the urogenital diaphragm

Consists of striated muscles and bulbourethral glands(males)

Branches of pudendal nerve and internal pudendal vessels

18
Q

What are the contents of the deep perineal pouch?

A

Deep transverse perineal muscle

External Urethral Sphincter

Males - Membranous urethra,Bulbourethral glands,
Internal pudendal artery/vein/nerve

Females - Urethra, Vagina, Internal neurovasculature

Inferior Fascial Layer (Perineal membrane)

19
Q

What is the superficial perineal pouch?

A

Space in the urogenital triangle between the inferior fascial layer and superficial perinial fascia

20
Q

What are the contents of the superficial perineal pouch?

A

Roots of external genitalia

Superficial transverse perineal muscle

Bulbospongiousus

Ischiocavernosus

Greater vestibular glands (female)

21
Q

What is the superficial perineal fascia?

A

Continuation of scarpa’s fascia around the penis and into the urogenital triangle

22
Q

What is the root of the penis divided into?

A

Crura - paired, laterally placed erectile tissues

Bulb - centrally placed erectile tissue, contains proximal portion of spongy part of the urethra

23
Q

What muscles are associated with the root of the penis?

A

Bulbospongiosus muscle - aids in emptying urethra

Ischiocavernosus muscle - aids in erection

24
Q

What is the body of the penis divided into?

A

Corpora cavernosa - continuations of the crura

Corpus spongiosum - continuation of bulb of penis, contains distal part of spongy urethra

25
Q

What are the fascial layers of the penis?

A

Prepuce

Suspensory ligament of penis

Fundiform ligament of penis

Superficial penile fascia

Deep penila fascia

Tunica albuginea

26
Q

What arteries supply blood to the penis?

A

Artery of bulb

Deep arteries of the penis

Dorsal artery of the penis

Deep dorsal vein of penis

Superficial dorsal vein of penis

27
Q

What is the nervous control of an erection?

A

Parasympathetics - cause relaxation of smooth muscle in deep arteries to allow blood flow

Pudendal nerve - innervates bulbospongiosus and ischiocavernosus muscles

28
Q

What is the control of emission?

A

Sympathetics - cause contraction of smooth muscle of urethra to expel semen

29
Q

What is the control of ejaculation?

A

Pudendal nerve - causes rhythmic contraction of bulbospongiosus to compress spongy urethra to aid in expulsion

30
Q

What does an erection cease?

A

Sympathetics cause constriction of smooth muscles of arteries, ending the erection

Pudendal nerve stimulation ceases

31
Q

What is an epiostomy?

A

Tearing of perineal body during childbirth

Can be performed surgically with subsequent repair to prevent tearing and prolapse

SFIV Test 3 (14 decks)

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