Pharma 11

Question 1

H2 receptor antagonists

Answer 1

cime-tidine,
rani-tidine,
famo-tidine, and
niza-tidine.

Question 2

H2R antagonist 🤮🤮🤮

Answer 2

diarrhoea, dizziness, muscle pains, and rashes, and cimetidine has also been associated with gynaecomastia in men.

Question 3

Proton pump inhibitors (ppi) 👾👾

Answer 3

Acid secretion is dependent on the proton pump and PPIs act to irreversibly inhibit their action.
They are administered orally and accumulate within the parietal cells, targeting only the active pumps bound to the membrane, not those in the cytosol. As a consequence, they can take 2-3 days to reach complete anchlorhydria, and restoration of acid secretion requires completely newly synthesied proton pumps.

Question 4

Ppi members

Answer 4

lanzo-prazole,
rabe-prazole, and
esome-prazole.
Omeprazole

Question 5

Ppi 🤮🤮🤮🤮🤮🤮

Answer 5

Any side effects are rare, yet PPIs can cause headache, diarrhoea, and rashes. Individuals on PPIs will also have increased levels of gastrin. The ‘Omeprazole test’ can also be used as a diagnostic method for GORD.

Question 6

H. Pylori tx

Answer 6

which involves 1 week of clarithromycin, amoxicillin, and omeprazole, as well as stopping of any NSAIDs and re-endoscopy and biopsy 6 weeks later as H. Pylori is a classified carcinogen.

Question 7

Antacid h An antacid is a substance which neutralizes stomach acidity and is used to relieve heartburn, indigestion or an upset stomach)
Members

Answer 7

aluminum hydroxide, calcium carbonate magnesium hydroxide .

👾👾Antacids act on the after meals .
Short term for about 1 hour ..
and canont effect on the basal ..

Question 8

Alginates

Answer 8

used clinically for reflux disease, acting to increase the viscosity of the mucus to the oesophageal mucosa to form a protective barrier,

Question 9

Misoprostol

Answer 9

👾👾is a synthetic analogue of PGE1 approved to prevent NSAID-induced mucosal injury
الجوه على جهه
💥💥💥Prostaglandin E2 and prostacyclin (PGI2) are the major PGs synthesized by the gastric mucosa,these prostanoids bind to the EP3 receptor on parietal cells and 💥decrease intracellular cyclic AMP and gastric acid secretion. 💥PGE2 also had cytoprotective effects that include stimulation of mucin and bicarbonate secretion and increased mucosal blood flow. Misoprostol is rarely used because of its side effects .

Question 10

Sucralfate 👾👾

Answer 10

In an acid environment (pH < 4), sucralfate undergoes extensive cross-linking to produce a viscous, sticky polymer that adheres to epithelial cells and ulcer craters also inhibiting hydrolysis of mucosal proteins by pepsin. The use of sucralfate to treat peptic acid disease has diminished in recent years.