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Biomechanics > Exam 2: Thoracics > Flashcards

Exam 2: Thoracics Flashcards

1
Q

T spine thought to be designed for

A

Rigidity

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2
Q

Protection of thoracic viscera takes precedence over

A

Intersegmental spinal mobility

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3
Q

Thoracic spine is the _____ part of spinal column

A

LEAST mobile

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4
Q

T spine serves as ____ btw C and L spines

A

Transition area

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5
Q

Upper T spine resembles ___ spine

A

C

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6
Q

Lower T spine tends to resemble ___ spine

A

L

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7
Q

T spine is prone to ____ problems and ____ syndromes

A

Chronic postural; myofascial pain

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8
Q

T spine is clinically important bc biomechanical changes may result in effects to

A

Sympathetic NS (T1-L2)

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9
Q

Spinous processes are ____ and limit ____

A

Long and slender; extension

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10
Q

T spine transverse processes are ____ and have a concave facet on _____

A

Thick, strong, long; anterior side

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11
Q

Facets of T spine are ___ degrees from horizontal plane, and __ degrees from frontal plane

A

60 degrees; 20 degrees Y axis rotation

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12
Q

Inferior articular process orientation

A

AIM

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13
Q

Superior articular process orientation

A

Posterior, superior, lateral

BUL

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14
Q

Thoracic IVDs are comparatively

A

Thin

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15
Q

Disc height to body ratio is

A

1:5 (smallest in spine)

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16
Q

Low ratio contributes to

A

Least flexibility in spine

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17
Q

The nucleus is more ____ located w/in annulus

A

Centrally

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18
Q

Normal kyphotic curve is less than

A

55 degrees

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19
Q

Greater than 55 degrees =

A

Hyperkyphotic

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20
Q

Average kyphotic curve

A

45 degrees

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21
Q

T curve is considered a ___ curve

A

Primary

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22
Q

The kyphotic curve is maintained by

A

Wedge-shaped VB

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23
Q

Curve extends from T1-12 w/ ___ as apex

A

T6-7

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24
Q

Thoracic VB are higher ____

A

Posteriorly

25
Q

Alterations in kyphosis can be

A

Anatomic or postural

Structural or functional

26
Q

A change in primary T curve likely to produce change in

A

C and L secondary curves

27
Q

Change in T curve often associated w/

A

Chronic stretch of trapezius and posterior back/neck muscles

28
Q

As T curve increases, it crowds the

A

Thoracic viscera

29
Q

Increased thoracic kyphosis can be a result of

A

Juvenile kyphosis (Scheuermann disease)

Osteoporosis

30
Q

In T spine flexion and extension is

A

Restricted

31
Q

____ is most limited because of impaction of articular and spinous processes

A

Extension

32
Q

Axial rotation and lateral bending demonstrate _____ movement

A

Nearly equal

33
Q

Rotation and lateral bending exhibit ___ as much movement ad flex/ext

A

2x

34
Q

Primary movement in T spine

A

Lateral bending coupled w/ axial rotation

35
Q

ThetaZ (Lateral bending) is always coupled with

A

ThetaY (axial rotation)

36
Q

T1-T4 spinous rotates to ____ side

A

Contralateral

37
Q

T9-T12 spinous rotates more to ___ side

A

Ipsilateral

38
Q

Sometimes we just split T spine in half

A

T1-6 like cervicals

T7-12 like lumbars

39
Q

Thoracic flexion and extension combined w/ slight

A

+/- Z translation

40
Q

When walking, greatest rotation is observed in

A

Middle Thoracics

41
Q

The rib cage inc Y axis stability during compression ___times

A

4

42
Q

Costovertebral joints

A

Heads of ribs to VB

43
Q

Costotransverse joints

A

Necks and tubercles or ribs w/ TP

44
Q

Ribs to only articulate w/ single VB

A

1 and 10-12

45
Q

Ribs to articulate w/ adjacent VBs

A

2-9

46
Q

Ribs to have a costotransverse joint

A

1-10

47
Q

True ribs definition

A

Connect to sternum directly via costal cartilage

48
Q

Ribs that are true ribs

A

1-7

49
Q

False ribs definition

A

Indirectly attached via shared costal cartilage

50
Q

Ribs that are false ribs

A

8-10

51
Q

Floating ribs definition

A

Free floating, no anterior attachment

52
Q

Ribs that are floating ribs

A

Ribs 11-12

53
Q

Effect of body rotation on ribs

A

Accentuate posterior concavity of rib on side of body rotation and flattening on opposite side

54
Q

Movements are dec from levels ___ but coupled movements are same as for the typical cervical region

A

C6-T3

55
Q

CT junction is considered hard to adjust bc

A

Transition from most mobile to least mobile area of the spine

56
Q

Significant structural characteristic in lower T spine

A

Change from coronal facet plane to sagittal plane in L spine

57
Q

Posterior primary rami of spinal roots of T12-L2 form

A

Cluneal nerves

58
Q

Cluneal nerves innervate

A

Skin and superficial structures of upper posterolateral butt, iliac crest, groin

59
Q

Maigne syndrome

A

chronic and acute back pain caused by lower T spine rather than L or SI regions

Biomechanics (15 decks)

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