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S.N Biochemistry 3 > Final PP 2 > Flashcards

Final PP 2 Flashcards

1
Q

write down the reaction catalyzed by G6P DH

A

G6P+NADP -> 6-Phosphogluconolacton +NADPH+H

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2
Q

Describe the structure of voltage Cl ch

What creates the pore?

A

Two subunits

Each subunit creates a pore by itself

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3
Q

what can activate platelets?

A 
ADP
TXA2
vWf
collagen
thrombin
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4
Q

Describe the binding site of nAch channels?

A

5 -fold symmetrical ring

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5
Q

what is the dominant type of conjugation in case of electrophilic intermediate?

A

Glutathione conjugation

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6
Q

what hormone induces the formation of F26BP?

A

insulin

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7
Q

How many FADH are produced from one molecule of palmitate?

A

7

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8
Q

What does kallikrein do?

A

Plasminogen -> plasmin

So we can say it induces fibrinolysis

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9
Q

name the products of the reaction catalyzed by hormone-sensitive-lipase:

A

FA+monoacylglycerol

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10
Q

Three tissues that are able to use ketone bodies

A

Brain
Heart
Kidneys

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11
Q

which enzyme is def. in Von Gierke disease?

A

glucose 6 phosphatase

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12
Q

which enzyme is defected in type 1 “classic galactosemia”?

A

galactose 1 phosphate uridyl transferase

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13
Q

which are the most important consequences of von Gierke disease?

A

hypoglycenia

hepatomagaly

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14
Q

write down the reaction catalyzed by Adenosine Deaminase

A

Adenosine + H2O -> Inosine + NH3

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15
Q

what amino acids can form OAA?

A

Asp

Asn

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16
Q

what are the steps of Glutathione conjugation?

A

Glutathione conjugation->loss of Glu and Gly-> conjugation with acetate

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17
Q

which are the most important xenobiotics inducers of CYP1 isoenzyme?

A

polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

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18
Q

what is the end product of the reaction catalyzed by glycogen phosphorylase?

A

G-1-P

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19
Q

when is Pyruvate Kinase more active?

A

when it is dephosphorykated

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20
Q

what are the allosteric inhibitors of pyruvate kinase?

A

Alanine

ATP

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21
Q

what is the product of the reaction catalyzed by adenosine deaminase?

A

Inosine

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22
Q

which are the essential AA?

A

PVT TIM HALL

Phe
Val
Thr
Try
Iso
Met
His
Arg
Leu
Lys
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23
Q

name the FA acontaining 16C

A

palmitate

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24
Q

in glycogenesis _____ uses one molecule of _____ to lengthen the glycogen chain

A

glycogen synthase

UDP-glucose

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25
Q

write down the reaction catalyzed by Aldolase B-

A

F-1-P -> glyceraldehyde + DHAP

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26
Q

what enzyme is def in the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome?

A

hypoxanthine guanine phosphorybosyl transferase

HGPRT

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27
Q

what is the prosthetic group of tyrosine hydroxylase?

A

tetrahydrobiopterin

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28
Q

what is the dominant chemical reaction in 1st phase of biotransformation?

A

Oxygenation

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29
Q

what is the allosteric activator of pyruvate carboxylase?

A

acetyl coA

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30
Q

give two examples for unconjugated hyperbilirubemia-

A

Gilberts syndrome

Crigler-Nailar syndrome

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31
Q

write down the reaction catalyzed by histidine decarboxylase

A

histidine->histamine + CO2

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32
Q

write down the reaction catalyzed by lactate DH

A

lactate + NAD+ -> pyruvate + NADH+H

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33
Q

name all the lipoproteins in the body in order from smallest to highest density:

A

chylomicrons, VLDL, IDL, LDL, HDL

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34
Q

Where does Ca binds on the Ca sensitive K channel?

A

On the intracellular side

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35
Q

upon phosphorylation, PDH is-

A

inhibited

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36
Q

write down the enzymes of urea cycle that are not present in the cytosol

A

carbomyl -P synthase

ornithine transcarbomylase

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37
Q

what enzymes are not present in the case of Galactosemia?

A

Galactokinase

galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase

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38
Q

2 disease caused by gene expression disorder of UDP-glucoronyl-transferase?

A

Gilbert

Criegler-Najjar syndrome

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39
Q

Effect of NO on platelets?

A

Inhibits activation

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40
Q

what is the effect of PGI2 on platelet aggregation?

A

Inhibition

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41
Q

what are the allosteric activator of pyruvate kinase?

A

F-1,6-BP

42
Q

Disease caused by mutation in Cl ch?

A

Myotonia

43
Q

which enzyme is deficient in hereditary fructose intolerance?

A

aldolase B

hereditary means its for the second generation so B

44
Q

Localization of actl-coA DH?

A

Mitochondria

45
Q

what Apo activates LPL?

where can we find it?

A

Apo CII

found in- chylo, VLDL, HDL

46
Q

Common co enzyme needed both to synthesis and oxidation of FA?

A

CoA

47
Q

where is the location of HMG coA reductase?

A

membrane of the ER

48
Q

which organs are able to secrete glucose and why?

A

liver and kidney

bcs they express G-6-Pase

49
Q

Job of fXII (2)

A

Activates fXI

Activates prekallikrein

50
Q

which step in glycolysis produces NADH?

A

G3P -> 1,3 BPG

51
Q

how many FADH2, NADH, acetyl coA from the oxidation of stearoyl-coA?

A

FADH2: 8
NADH: 8
acetyl coA: 9

52
Q

give an example of a suicide enzyme

A

COX

53
Q

What does alpha amylase break?

A

Glycogen

54
Q

What is Glibert disease?

A

Liver does not properly process bilirubin

55
Q

which enzyme also uses E3 of PDH?

A

a-KG DH

56
Q

what Apo binds the LDL R?

A

Apo B-100

57
Q

where can you find Apo B-100?

A

VLDL
IDL
LDL

58
Q

describe the structure of cholesterol

A

27 carbon
4 rings
double bond btw. C5-C6
hydroxyl group on C3

59
Q

overall process of 1 cholesterol involves this substrates-

A

18 acetyl co A
36 ATP
20 NADPH
21 enzymes

60
Q

what are the secondary bile acids?

A

deoxycholic
litocholic
(7a dehydroxylation)

61
Q

what are the secondary bile acids?

A

deoxycholic
litocholic
(7a dehydroxylation)

62
Q

what are the primary bile acids?

A

cholic
chenodeoxycholic
taurocholic
glycocholic

63
Q

give the overall reaction catalyzed by a-KG DH:

A

a-KG + coA-SH +NAD -> succinyl CoA + NADH + CO2

64
Q

3 moles of glucose in PPP give how many
CO2
NADPH
pentose

A

CO2-3
NADPH-6
pentose-3

65
Q

what GLUT is found in the RBC?

A

GLUT1

66
Q

which enzyme contains FMN prosthetic group?

A

complex I of respiratory chain

67
Q

which component of the oxidative phosphorylation is localized in the inter-membrane space?

A

cytochrome c

68
Q

the straight glucose chains in glycogen are linked in what linkages?

A

a-1,4

69
Q

what is the difference btw glucokunase and hexokinase in terms of activation?

A

glucokinase is not inhibited by glucose-6-p like hexokinase

70
Q

which GLUT has the hoghest Km?

what is his job?

A

GLUT2
removal of excess glucose from the liver and the kidney
regulation of insulin release in pancreas

71
Q

what is the positive regulator of pyruvate carboxylase?

A

acetyl coA

72
Q

what is the name of the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction that joins a molecule of acetyl co A and OAA?

A

citrate synthase

73
Q

which enzyme catalyzes the formation of succinyl co A?

A

a-KG DH

74
Q

which citric acid cycle enzyme catalyzes the reaction that forms GTP?

A

succinyl coA synthetase

75
Q

name the cofactor of pyruvate carboxylase?

A

Biotin

76
Q

which component is the final electrone acceptor in the respiratory chain?

A

O2

77
Q

the three irreversible steps of the citrate cycle are catalyzed by-

A

citrate synthase
isocitrate DH
a-KG DH

78
Q

folate, in the form of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (THF) takes part in the reaction of-

A

homocysteine-methionine reaction

79
Q

write doen the reaction catalyzed by arginosuccinate synthase-

A

citrulline + Asp + ATP -> Arginnosuccinate +AMP +PPi

80
Q

what will happen in IDOL deficiency?

A

there will be more LDL R -> more cholesterol influx (so less cholesterol in plasma)

81
Q

what can cause increase in plasma LDL cholesterol level?

A

LDL R deficiency

Apo B100 deficiency

82
Q 
whihc of these AA will enter the citric acid cycle in the form of succinyl coA?
Iso
Leu
Tyr
Pro
Val
A

Iso

Val

83
Q

what are the most important gluconeogenic precursors?

A

lactate
glycerol
AA (Alanine)

84
Q

what is the co factor essential for the function of pyruvate carboxylase?

A

Biotin

85
Q

how does acetyl coA leave the mitochondria?

A

with citrate shuttle

86
Q

write down the reaction catalyzed by threonine DH

A

threonine + NAD+ -> glycine + NADH + H

87
Q

which AA act as voltage sensor on the K channel?

A

Lys

Arg

88
Q

when does NMDA activate?

A

when both Glu and Gly bound to it

89
Q

what are the allosteric inhibitors and activators of pyruvate kinase?

A 
inhibitors= ATP, Alanine
activators= F-1,6-BP
90
Q

anticoagulant factors produced by the endothelial cells

A

tPA
NO
PGI2

91
Q

which enzyme causes orotic aciduria?

A

UMP Synthase (converts orotic acid to UMP in pyrimidine synthesis)

92
Q

where are the -OH groups in cholic and chenodeoxycholic acid located?

A

cholic- 3,7,12 (has the smallest wors so opposite to how many -OH it has)
chenodeoxycholic- 3,7

93
Q

where are the -OH groups in cholesterol?

A

C3

remember that cholesterol has double bond, bile acids dont have

94
Q

where are the -OH groups in secondary bile acids?

A

deoxycholic acid- 3,12 (deoxy!!so one -OH gone from cholic acid)
lithocholic acid- 3

95
Q

what is ribonucleotide reductase?

A

enzyme catalyzing the formation of deoxyribonucleotide from ribonucleotide
removes the -OH group of the ribose ring

96
Q

what are the substrates for ribonucleotide reductase?

A

ADP
GDP
UDP
CDP

97
Q

write down the reaction catalyzed by Asp-Transcarbomylase

A

first step of pyrimidine synthesis

Asp + carbomyl-P -> carbomyl-Asp + Pi

98
Q

write down the reaction catalyzed by N-acetyl Glu Synthase

A

acetyl coA + Glu -> N-acetyl-Glu + coA

99
Q

why can we have gastric bleeding whan treating with Aspirin?

A

inhibits COX-1 -> no PGE2 production that otherwise protects the GI mucosa

100
Q

AA that participate in Purine synthesis

A

Gln
Gly
Asp

S.N Biochemistry 3 (14 decks)

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