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Radiology > Intro to Radiologic Diagnosis > Flashcards

Intro to Radiologic Diagnosis Flashcards

1
Q

localized means?

A

confined to one location

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2
Q

multifocal means?

A

in multiple isolated location

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3
Q

generalized means

A

throughout the jaws or bone

usually associated with metabolic or endocrine

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4
Q

epicenter means?

A

tissue of origin
- assuming it grew equally in every direction

*lesions have a tendency to be found in certain locations

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5
Q

a central lesion usually arises within?

A

bone

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6
Q

epicenter when coronal to a tooth

A

odontogenic EPITHELIUM

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7
Q

epicenter when above the IAC

A

ODONTOGENIC tissue

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8
Q

epicenter when below the IAC

A

non-odontogenic

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9
Q

epicenter when within the IAC

A

neural or vascular

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10
Q

epicenter when in condylar region

A

cartilagenous lesions and osteochondromas

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11
Q

epicenter when in maxillary antrum

A

non- odontogenic

- maybe like a pseudocyste

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12
Q

epicenter when in alveolar process of maxilla

A

odontogenic

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13
Q

arising in sinus? what will border look like

A

usuaully if within sinus - sinus border still intact - not something coming into it

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14
Q

localization of central giant cell granulomas?

demographics?

A

MORE ANTERIOR IN THE MANDIBLE - like anterior to the first molar (over maxilla)

anterior to the cuspids in the maxilla

alot of people describe this lesion as ‘crossing the midline’ as it occurs more anteiror

also more likely to occur in younger pt’s

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15
Q

multi-focal vs generalized

A

generalized will effect all the bone everywhere where multifocal will be bad in a few major spots

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16
Q

which lesions tend to be multifocal (6 examples)

A
  1. osseous dysplasia
  2. basal cell nevus
  3. cherubism
  4. metastic lesions
  5. multiple myeloma
  6. leukemic infiltrates
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17
Q

well - defined lesions tend to be?

A

BENIGN

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18
Q

ill-defined lesions
describe
tend to be?

A

difficult to delineate the border of the lesion

tend to be malignan or inflammatory

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19
Q

define corticated and implication on type of lesion

A

describing the periphery (usually in well-defined)
Corticated is a thin radio-opaque line surrounding the lesion

this is a small region of ACTIVE BONE FORMATION – the body is trying wall off the offending entity with bone

so means it is a slow growing lesion if rate of bone formation is able to keep up with it – so usually means it is benign

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20
Q

cortication usually associated with?

A

cysts and benign tumors

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21
Q

punched out think?

A

mutliple myeloma

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22
Q

four major well-defined periphery descriptions

A
  1. corticated
  2. punched out
  3. sclerotic
  4. soft tissue capsule
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23
Q

define punched out

A

sharp boundary but NO adio-opaque border

surrounding bone appears normal

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24
Q

describe sclerotic

A

associated with well - defined

THICKER THAN CORTICATED – so radio-opaque border of REACTIVE BONE

indicates slow growth, potential of the lesion to stimulate production of bone

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25
Q

think what when see/ mention of sclerotic?

A

inflammatory – CHRONIC STAGE

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26
Q

soft-tissue capsule

A

associated with well-defined border and has a RADIO-LUCENT line at the periphery

usually indicated a benign tumor like odontoma or cementoblastoma

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27
Q

ill-defined periphery broken down to

think what?

A

blending and invasive

think MALIGNANCY

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28
Q

general description of ill-defined

A

means bone destruciton is occuring more rapidly

seems to spread through the marrow space, thinning the trabecular pattern and enlarging the marrow

follows path of least resistance

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29
Q

blending?

A

ill-defined!

gradual transition between adjacent normal and abnormal bone

focuses on trabecule not marrow

30
Q

does blending indicate malignancy since ill-defined

A

no -

31
Q

invasive?

focus on?

A

area of few or no trabeculae

focus on marow spaces creating finger-like projections

rapid growth

malignancy

32
Q

is punched out corticated or non

A

non-corticated

usually WD, multi-focal

33
Q

size importance?

A

honeslty not the most helpful one

but can be helpful with differentiating

34
Q

which things tend to get large in size?

A

ameloblastoma and ossyfying fibroma

35
Q

synonyms for circular shape

A

circular/round/ovoid/ HYDRAULIC/CYSTIC

36
Q

hydraulic shape indicates

A

a cyst

- although benign tumors can appear similar

37
Q

scalloping? describing?

A

shape – kinda outline

like scalloping between roots of teeth

38
Q

scalloping a lot of the times associated with which lesions?

A

KOT and SBC’s (simple bone cysts)

39
Q

irregular mean malignant?

A

no - its not very desciptive term and depends on how it looks

40
Q

internal structure usually descriptions

modaility for each?

A

hypo or hyper dense –> CBCT

radio-lucent (dark) vs radio-opaque (light)–> typical radiogrpahs

41
Q

hypo or hyper dense depends on? example

A

depends on what you are comparing it to

air and fluid appear more hypo dense but when comparing to each other fluid is hyper dense compared to the air

42
Q

descriptions of abnormal trabecular patterns

A

internal - mixed appearance

‘orange peel’
‘ground glass’

can have different number, length, width and orientation

stimulation of new bone foramtion, thick trabeculation

43
Q

internal septation most seen with?

A

benign tumors

44
Q

describe internal septation

A

strands of bone

can divide lesion into compartments- multinocular

can be curved or straight, corase o fine

45
Q

soap bubble think

A

ameloblastoma

46
Q

straight septation think

A

myxoma

47
Q

dystorphic calcification can occur in?

A

ANY LONG STANDING LESION

  • most often in cysts
48
Q

describe dystrophic clacification

A

occurs in damaged soft tissue – any long standing lesion
- can look like cauliflower

lymph node, chronically inflammed cyst

  • most often in cysts
49
Q

most important aspect when determining malignant or benign

A

look at PERIPHERY
- ill-defined vs well defined

well-defined majority will be benign

50
Q

describe amorphous bone

A

internal - mixed situation
- another osseous dysplasia

homogenous, dense amorphous structure
- not really a trabecular pattern

51
Q

internal tooth structure looks

A

like an ill-formed tooth
can see the enamel, dentin and pulp

like odontoma

52
Q

BASIC description of cysts

A

well-defined and more radiolucent than opaque

53
Q

BASIC description of benign tumors

A

WD and more radiolucent than opaque

54
Q

T/F inflammatory can be RO or RL

A

True - depending on stage usually

chronic/ sclerotic stage - more opaque

55
Q

effects on other structures infers its?

A

BEHAVIOR

56
Q

tumor or cyst more likely to bodily displace a tooth

A

benign tumor over cyst

57
Q

general affect of inflammatory on other structures

A

can stimulate bone resorption or formation

- why you see mixed

58
Q

general affect of cyst or benign tumor on other structures

A

more space occupying and slow growing lesions which can displace structures

59
Q

general affect of malignancy on other structures

A

faster-growing, more destructive lesions resorb bone but leave teeth

60
Q

cherubism sign

A

displacing posterior teeth more anteriorly - strong sign

61
Q

what usually will apically displace something

A

follicular cyst ot odontomas

62
Q

what usually will superiorly displace something

A

lymphoma, leukemia, langerhan’s

think of the three L’s

63
Q

typical resorption pattern of benign lesion

A

straight, flat or curved

more likely to cause tooth resorption

64
Q

tooth resorption seen with?

A

slow-growing, chronic conditions

chronic inflammation

more commonly benign but malignant on occasion

65
Q

if malignant resorbs roots what is the pattern?

A

it will resorb from the sides and leave a spindle shape to the root

66
Q

orthodontic tooth movement effect on structure

A

uniform with intact lamina dura

67
Q

widened pdl can be from

A

if uniform = ortho movement

irregular with destruction of lamina dura –> malignancy, quickly grows throughout the pdl space (like a lymphoma)

68
Q

teeth floating in the air is sign of?

A

malignancy

69
Q

if there is superior movement of the inferior alveolar canal this is strongly associated with?

A

fibrous dysplasia

70
Q

what causes / stimulates peripheral bone reaction

A

osteoblastic activity

71
Q

expanding cortex is usually associated with what type of lesions vs missing outer cortex

A

slow growing –> expanded

rapidly growing lesion –> missing outer cortex

72
Q

describe what could happen in a periosteal reactoin

think of?

A

exudate from inflammatory lesion

lifts periosteum off the surface

when it occurs mutiple times, can result in onion-skin appearance

is seen most with osteomyeleits and infections

think either inflammatory o malignant

Radiology (26 decks)

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