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Climate change: Science and Society > Lecture 4 > Flashcards

Lecture 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Which report was the first to look at impact of climate change upon human security?

A

IPCC AR5

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2
Q

What is human security?

A

The freedom from risk or loss or damage of important things from external threat

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3
Q

What are the IPCC’ 4 ways that the environment can be a threat to human security?

A
  1. undermining livelihoods
  2. compromising culture and identity
  3. increasing involuntary migration
  4. challenging ability of state to provide the conditions necessary for human security
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4
Q

What is the world population expected to reach by 2030?

A

8.3bn

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5
Q

What was an example of an agriculture price rise?

A

2007/08

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6
Q

What happened in Africa during 2007/08?

A

Riots that were largely influenced by food shortages

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7
Q

How many countries did food riots occur in Africa during 2013/14?

A

14

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8
Q

What are the 6 reasons for food riots in Africa?

A
  1. higher levels of poverty
  2. restricted access of food availability
  3. urbanization (this is where most riots happened)
  4. coastal locations (where most riots happened in cities)
    oppressive regimes (e..g Tunisia)
  5. Stronger civil societies that facilitated organisation of riots
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9
Q

How much did food inflation rise in 2007/08 for the UK?

A

10-12%

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10
Q

What did the Lancet commission find for the link between climate change and public health?

A
  1. direct impacts
  2. indirect impacts
  3. social dynamics that can amplify impacts
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11
Q

What are 3 direct, indirect impacts and social dynamics identified by the Lancet Commission?

A

Direct = storms, droughts, floods, heatwave
indirect = water quality, air pollution, land use change, ecological damage
Social dyanmics = age and gender, health status, socioeconomic status, social capital

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12
Q

What are exposure events?

A

lancet commission identified when people will be exposed to climate extremes

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13
Q

How did the lancet commission work out the number of exposure events?

A

frequency of climate extremes x number of vulnerable people

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14
Q

What are 3 summary points of the Lancet commission?

A
  1. climate extremes will increase in frequency
  2. changes in population will increase the number of vulnerable exposed to these extremes
  3. many dangers to public health are now unavoidable
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15
Q

Who was involved in debate regarding whether climate change will cause greater conflict?

A

IPCC = yes it will
Burke et al. (2009) = yes it will
Burhaug (2010) = naaa
Loughlin et al. (2012) = yes it will but there are other more important factors

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16
Q

How many people migrated in Syria in response to drought?

A

60,000 to 1,500,000

17
Q

What did Godfray et al. (2017) state?

A
  1. people do not have access to sufficient protein and energy from diets
  2. there needs to be an optimisation of agriculture efficiency
  3. food waste needs to be reduced alongside lowering standard food products
18
Q

What did Challinor, Adger and Benton (2017) state?

A
  • more than 20 mil people displaced by weather-related disasters annually
  • human costs cascade across countries through demands for AID and economic support
19
Q

Which paper outlined transboundary risks and transmission of risks and what are they?

A

Challinor, Adger and Benton (2017). These are risks associated with geographical influence. Transmission involves transferring risks

20
Q

What might cause a risk to be transmitted? What could amplify this transmission?

A

flows of material, people as well as economic and trade linkages. Government response or trade interdependence

21
Q

What did Hartmann (2010) propose?

A

Climate refugee and climate conflict definitions.

22
Q

What does the US army regard as a driver of conflict?

A

climate change

23
Q

strong causal evidence that links climatic events to human conflict. For every 1SD increase in climate (temperature or rainfall), the median estimates indicated that the frequency of interpersonal violence rises 4% and the frequency of intergroup conflict rises 14%

A

What did Hsiang, Burke and Miguel (2013) state?

24
Q

How did Barnett and Adger (2007) state how climate change undermines human security?

A

1) reducing people’s access to natural resources that are important to sustain their livelihoods
2) undermining the capacity of the state to provide opportunities and services

Climate change: Science and Society (8 decks)

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