Topic C1 - Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table

Question 1

What is an ionic bond?

Answer 1

An ionic bond is the transfer of electrons from a metal atom to a non-metal atom(s).

During the transfer, a positively charged metal ion forms and becomes attracted to the negatively charged non-metal ion.

Question 2

What are examples of ionic compounds?

Answer 2

> Sodium chloride
Potassium chloride
Magnesium oxide

Question 3

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 3

A covalent bond is the sharing of electrons between 2 non-metals to achieve a full outershell of electrons. In covalent bonds, the positively charged nuclei becomes attracted to negatively charged shared electrons. This is also an example of electrostatic attraction.

Question 4

What are examples of covalent bonded molecules?

Answer 4

> Carbondioxide (CO2) 
> Water (H2O) 
> Methane (any other hydrocarbon) 
> Ammonia (NH3) 
> Hydrochloric acid (HCl) 
> Sulfuric acid (H2SO4)

Question 5

What is an isotope?

Answer 5

Same atomic number but a different relative atomic mass therefore same proton number but different neutron number.

Question 6

What is the formula for abundance?

Answer 6

Mass of first isotopemass of second + second isotopemass of first/100

Question 7

What is an ionic bond?

Answer 7

A bond between a metal and a non metal in which the lose or gain electrons to achieve a full outer shell

Question 8

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 8

A bond between two non metals in which they share electrons to achieve a full outer shell.

Question 9

What is filtration?

Answer 9

Separation techniques used to separate insoluble from water

Question 10

What is meant by crystallisation?

Answer 10

Separation of something insoluble from liquid a substance such as salt and it being left behind when separate from a liquid.

Question 11

What separation techniques are used to separate rock salt?

Answer 11

Filtration

Crystallisation

Question 12

What is distillation?

Answer 12

Separation technique to separate two different liquids.

Question 13

What are the two types of distillation?

Answer 13

Simple

Fractional

Question 14

How does distillation work?

Answer 14

Heating of two liquids with different boiling points which get separated the one with the lower boiling point gets heated up, then condensed into a beaker separating the two.

Question 15

What is the purpose of fractional distillation?

Answer 15

Separation of crude oil which breaks down at different points and exit the fractions making the products in question.