Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychology of Language > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Adaptive control hypothesis

A

A proposal suggesting that bilinguals’ constant need to monitor and control their languages leads to benefits in nonverbal cognition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Age of arrival

A

The time when the learner receives the first intensive exposure to the second language in the country where it is spoken

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Balanced bilingual

A

A person who grows up speaking two languages and can communicate equally well in either language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Bilingual

A

Someone able to speak two or more languages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Bilingual accommodation

A

Sensitivity to the identity or ethnic background of the interlocutor in selecting a language to use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Bilingual disadvantage

A

The observation that bilinguals have smaller vocabularies in each of their languages and more difficulty retrieving words compared with monolinguals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cerebral plasticity

A

The brain’s ability to modify its structure in response to new experiences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Codeswitching

A

A change from one language to another within a single interaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cognates

A

Words in two languages that have similar form and meaning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cognitive reserve

A

The notion that engaging in stimulating mental or physical activity on a regular basis helps maintain cognitive functioning as we age and protects against dementia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Critical period hypothesis

A

The idea that children have a biological predisposition to learn languages that they lose around puberty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cross-language priming

A

The situation in which a word in one language aids the retrieval of a word with a related meaning in another language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Dominant language

A

The language of political and economic power within a bilingual society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

A

An area of the brain involved in executive control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

English language learners

A

Children entering school whose native language is not English

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Executive control

A

The management of cognitive resources to perform tasks efficiently

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

First language attrition

A

The situation where a bilingual favors the second language to the extent that first language ability is lost

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Flanker task

A

An experimental procedure in which participants respond to the direction of the central arrow in an array, regardless of direction the other arrows are pointing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Heritage language

A

The language spoken in an immigrant’s country of origen

20
Q

Incomplete first-language acquisition

A

The failure to attain full native-speaker proficiency of the first language

21
Q

Interference hypothesis

A

The proposal that the bilingual disadvantage can be explained in terms of interference from translation equivalents in the unused language

22
Q

Interference inhibition

A

The ability to ignore distracting or misleading information

23
Q

Interlingual homographs (False cognate)

A

Words in two languages that have similar form but different meanings

24
Q

Language negotiation

A

A process in which bilingual interlocutors work together to decide which language to use

25
Q

Length of residence

A

The number of years the learner has lived in the country where the second language is spoken

26
Q

Lingua franca

A

A second language in common to all ethnic groups in a given region

27
Q

Mental flexibility

A

The ability to rapidly switch from one cognitive task to another

28
Q

Metalinguistic awareness

A

An understanding about how language works

29
Q

Monolingual

A

The ability to speak only one language

30
Q

Mutual intelligibility

A

The degree to which speakers of two different languages or dialects can understand each other

31
Q

One-language-at-home-one-language-outside approach

A

A strategy for raising bilingual children in which the heritage language is learned from family members and the societal language is learned at school

32
Q

Receptive bilingualism

A

The ability to understand a second language without being able to speak it

33
Q

Revised hierarchical model

A

A theory of bilingual language processing that assumes separate lexicons for each language connected by a common underlying conceptual level

34
Q

Selective attention

A

The ability to direct and focus attention on the current task

35
Q

Semantic categorization task

A

An experimental procedure that asks participants to name members of a given category

36
Q

Sense model

A

A theory of bilingual language processing that takes into account the fact that most words have multiple meanings that do not fully overlap across languages

37
Q

Sensitive period

A

The time early in life when language learning is more likely to be successful

38
Q

Simon task

A

An experimental procedure that requires participants to respond to the color of a stimulus regardless of its location

39
Q

Societal language

A

The language spoken by the majority of people in a given society

40
Q

Speech learning model

A

The proposal that a foreign accent is the result of an imbalance between the amounts of time spent usung the first and second languages

41
Q

Transitional program

A

A form of bilingual education that is intended to assimilate heritage-language students into the mainstream language and culture

42
Q

Translation equivalents

A

Words in two different languages that refer to the same concept

43
Q

Two-way immersion program

A

A form of bilingual education that is intended to develop fully bilingual and biliterate students

44
Q

Ultimate attainment

A

Second language acquisition that typically falls short of full mastery

45
Q

Unbalanced bilingual

A

A person who has limited ability in a second language

46
Q

Weaker links hypothesis

A

The proposal that the bilingual disadvantage can be explained in terms of lower word frequencies

Psychology of Language (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions