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ANTHROPOLOGY LATZ > ANTH BLOCK 2 > Flashcards

ANTH BLOCK 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Social Anthropology?

A

What is Social Anthropology?

  • The study of Human Diversity
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2
Q

Origins of Social Anthropology

Origins in European history:

A

Origins of Social Anthropology

Origins in European history:
- Renaissance/Enlightenment: ‘Man,’ humanity, is the measure of all ‘things’ … same ‘underrneath’

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3
Q

Enlightenment Definitions:

A

Enlightenment Definitions:
- “ A late eighteenth-century international movement in thought, with important social & political ramifications. The Enlightenment is at once a style, an attitude, a temper critical, secular, sceptical, empirical, and practical. It is also characterized by core beliefs in human rationality, in what it took to be ‘nature’ and in all ‘natural feelings’ of [sic] mankind. Four of its most prominent exemplars are Hume, Thomas Jefferson, Kant & Voltair

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4
Q

Enlightenment definitions cont…

A

Enlightenment definitions cont…

  • The Enlightenment represented itself as a return to the classical ideas of the Greeks & (more especially) the Romans. But in fact it provided one source of the revolutions that shook Europe & America at the end of the eighteenth century, and it laid the foundations for both the generally scientific worldview & the liberal democratic society, which, despite the many attacks made on them, continue to function as cultural ideas
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5
Q

Characteristics of Enlightenment:

TTHE

A

Characteristics of Enlightenment

TTHE:

  • The truth was there to be ‘discovered’ by observation & scientific methods
  • The enlightenment had practical results & is evident in the French Revolution, Captain Cooks journals, the US Constitution, Haitian independence & the legal-constitutional mechanisms
  • Human beings are born free
  • Emphasis on rationality
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6
Q

Founders of the ‘modern world’

Who?

The emphasised?

The physical & human world could be rendered knowable through

  • (1596-1650)
A

Founders of the ‘modern world’

Who:
- Many philosophers, scientists, mathematicians & playwrights are described as “founders of the modern world”

The emphasised:
- The visual

The physical & human world could be rendered knowable through:
- Observation & tested through scientific methods

(1596-1650)
- Rene Descartes

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7
Q

Cartesian World Views

  • “The ‘Cartesisian’ division (of the world) allowed:
A

Cartesian World Views

“The ‘Cartesisian’ division (of the world) allowed:

  • Scientist to treat matter as dead and completely separate from themselves, and to see the material world as multitude of different objects assembles into a huge machine
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8
Q

Holism

When-ever:

Where-ever:

Multiple perspectives (sub-fields) with the aim of?

A

Holism

When-ever:
- From the beginning of human history until now

Where-ever:
- all varieties of people everywhere

Multiple perspectives (sub-fields) with the aim of?
- Integrating them
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9
Q

Sub-fields of Anthropology?

LABS

A

Sub-fields of Anthropology?

LABS

1) Linguistic Anthropology (Linguistics)
2) Archaeology
3) Biological/Physical Anthropology
4) Socio-Cultral Anthropology

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10
Q

Biological/Physical Anthropology:

A

Biological/Physical Anthropology:

  • Human & species development
  • Nonhuman species (primatology)
  • Human & non-human genetics
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11
Q

Is Biology Destiny? ‘Bio-Culture’

A

Is Biology Destiny? ‘Bio-Culture’:

  • Culture is a key force in how humanbodies - individually & collectively - grow & develop
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12
Q

Sub Field Linguistic Anthropology Humans as the ‘talking animal’

  • Study of?

Historical linguists:

Socio-linguistics:

A

Sub Field Linguistic Anthropology Humans as the ‘talking animal’

Study of:
- Language in its socio-cultral context

Historical linguists:
- Reconstruct ‘extinct’ languages

Socio-linguistics:

  • Investigates relationships between language, culture & social relations
    • Socio-culture variation & linguistic variation
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13
Q

Sub-field Social Anthropology

Also called?

Emphasis on:

A

Sub-field Social Anthropology

Also called?
- ‘cultural anthropology’ or ‘socio-cultural anthropology’

Emphasis on:
- recent or ‘living’ cultures, rather than past ones, as archaeology

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14
Q

Social/Cultural Anthropologist

Focus on:

A

Social/Cultural Anthropologist

Focus on:

  • Why humans behave the ways they do
  • Why some groups behave differently from other groups
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15
Q

Anthropology & Sociology

Anthropologist usually work with:

Usually:

Interaction:

More:

A

Anthropology & Sociology

Anthropologist usually work with:
- Smaller groups

Usually:
- Spend longer time on research (1-2 years)

Interaction:
- Face-to-face

More:

  • More qualitative than quantitative
    • Collect ‘stories’ rather than compile ‘statistics’
    • Readers vs Counters
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16
Q

Anthropology & Psychology

Social anthropology: greater focus on the whole:

Increasing overlap b/w anthropology & psychology:

A

Anthropology & Psychology

Social anthropology:greater focus on the whole:
- The whole is greater than the sum parts of it (individuals)

Increasing overlap b/w anthropology & psychology:

  • Anthropological studies in cross-cultural variation in psychology
  • Child rearing
  • Personhood & identity
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17
Q

Pets vs Prey (hunting vs pet keeping, Fukuda 1997

Key themes:

A

Pets vs Prey (hunting vs pet keeping, Fukuda 1997

Key themes:

  • Interaction
  • Cruelty/suffering/distress
  • Vermin/game/wild vs tame/companion/pets
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18
Q

Competition or Companionship

Competition:

Companionship:

A

Competition or Companionship

Competition:

  • Humans and animals
  • Animals and humans. For example, a fox outwitting the hounds.
  • Hunters ‘know’ animals in a way that those who do not hunt

Companionship:

  • Therapeutic: ‘Thera-pet’
    • Affectionate/loyal
  • Not competitors, not ‘wild’
  • Pet-keeping as cruel?
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19
Q

Ethnography:

A

Ethnography:

  • The distinctive marker of what a social anthropologist is
  • Participant observation is a key ethnographic research method
  • Knowledge of local language/s is important
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20
Q

Precedents for Anthropological thought

  • There is no
  • Evolution:
  • Functionalism and ‘meaning’ react against:
A

Precedents for Anthropological thought

There is no: ex nihilo creation
- Evolution did not not emerge in a vacuum

Evolutionism:
- Biblical story of fall from grace/out of Eden (decline)

Functionalism and ‘meaning’ react against:

  • Evolutionist explanations
    • Also react against each other
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21
Q

Evolutionism

19th century:

Key figures:

Cultural diversity because:

A

Evolutionism

19th century:
- ‘Western’ thought

Key figures:

  • Lewis H Morgan (1818-1881) (US)
  • Edward B Taylor (1832-1917) (UK)

Cultural diversity because:
- all pass through a series of evolutionary stages

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22
Q

Morgan & Tylor

All cultures:

Evolution:

A

Morgan & Tylor

All cultures:
- pass through the same development stages in the same order

Evolution:
- is unidirectional and moves from low/simple to high/complex

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23
Q

Morgans Evolutionary Stages

SBC

A

Morgans Evolutionary Stages

SBC

1) Savagery: Subsisting on gathering (fruits & nuts) & hunting
2) Barbarism: Pottery, Agriculture
3) Civilization: Literacy

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24
Q

Tylors Evolutionary Stages

MAP

A

Tylors Evolutionary Stages

MAP

Monotheism:
- one singular God/deity

Animism:

  • Non- human entities (animals, plants & inanimate objects such as rocks) possess a spiritual essence
    • Is the soul uniquely human?

Polytheism:
- Multiple deities (Gods)

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25
Q

Key Terms

Evolutionism

Singular:

Evolutionists put themselves:

Secular:

Secular humanity, contra polygenesis:

A

Key Terms

Evolutionism

Singular:
- not ‘really’ diverse: all societies could be ranked

Evolutionists put themselves:
- at the top, at the end of end of history

Secular:
- Promoting a ‘science’ of humanity

Secular humanity, contra polygenesis:

  • Humans are equal & inventive
  • Everyone will figure out their own paths on their own
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26
Q

Functionalism Bronislaw Malinowski

Bronislaw Malinowski

Set the standard for?

Conducted?

What type of work?

A

Functionalism Bronislaw Malinowski

Bronislaw Malinowski

Set the standard for?
- Conducting anthropological fieldwork

Conducted?
- Fieldwork in the Trobriand Islands, Papua New Guinea, 1915-1916 & 1917-1918

What type of work?
- ‘Objective’ and detailed ethnographic work, but there were his private diaries where he revealed a controversial side of his fieldwork

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27
Q

Functionalism vs Evolutionism

Society is like a?
- For example?

Where society, or its ‘parts’ comes from, is:

A

Functionalism vs Evolutionism

Society is like a:

  • biological organism with many interconnected, co-dependent parts
  • For example? the human body

Where society, or its ‘parts’ comes from, is:
- Not important

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28
Q

Functionalism as Method

Functionalism:

For example:

Important:

A

Functionalism as Method

Functionalism:
- how ‘A’ is related to ‘B’?

For example:

  • Where ‘A; = how people produce food and ‘B’ = how people worship
  • How does the A-B relation fit within a broader system that fulfils basic needs?

Important: society is about relations in the present
- Cannot change one part w/out changing the others

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29
Q

Functionalist Critique of Evolutionism

Functionalism rejects:
- Give example

Examine:

Functionalism can be:

A

Functionalist Critique of Evolutionism

Functionalism rejects:
- Evolutionism’s emphasis on objects evidenced, for example, in linear museums displays

Examine:
- A whole society’s division of labour

Functionalism can be:
- ‘Unconscious’; separate from official stated purpose

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30
Q

Religion and Functionalism

A functionalist approach to the purpose of religious beliefs suggests:

Mean that anthropologists can ask:

A

Religion and Functionalism

A functionalist approach to the purpose of religious beliefs suggests:
- That they are a set of ideas which help people accommodate misfortunes & anxieties

Mean that anthropologists can ask:

  • ‘What is sacred?’
    • Trees? Cows? The Sun?
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31
Q

Functionalisms

Individual:

Society:

A

Functionalisms

Individual: Malinowski

  • Society functions to fulfil individual needs
  • Food, shelter & psycological support
    • Religion is to ameliorate misfortune & anxiety
    • Gmelch on ‘Baseball Magic”

Society: Emile Durkheim (1858-1917) and Alfred Radcliffe-Brown (1881-1955)

  • Society functions to fulfil social needs
  • Food, shelter & social solidarity
    • Religion serves to bind people together in loyal communities
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32
Q

Functionalism

How(contemporary) cultures meet the needs of individuals and/or society:

Parts of a cultural system are interconnected:

Human diversity explained by:

A

Functionalism

How(contemporary) cultures meet the needs of individuals and/or society:
- Preserve/perptuate ‘individual’ or ‘society’

Parts of a cultural system are interconnected:
- Change in one part will bring about change in other parts of the system

Human diversity explained by:
- Differences (or changes) in function

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33
Q

Key Terms

Evolutionism:

Functionalism:

A

Key Terms

Evolutionism:

  • Secular ‘Science of humanity
  • Egalitarian
  • All equally capable of evolution
  • For example, from superstition to rationality

Functionalism:

  • Looks at contemporary interrelations through detailed ethnography, vs ‘arm-chair’ speculation about ‘origins’
  • Egalitarian not ‘superstition.’
  • Humans are trying to fulfil individual & social ‘needs’ to ‘maintain systems’
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34
Q

Diffusion & Meaning

Detailed fieldwork:

Each culture creates unique patterns of meaning:

A

Diffusion & Meaning

Detailed fieldwork:

  • Like Malinowski, but with a different model!
  • Any culture is partially composed of traits diffused/borrowed from other cultures
  • Borrow, but make ‘one’s owns’

Each culture creates unique patterns of meaning:
- Anthropologists goal: get to ‘the natives point of view’, insiders’ perspective

35
Q

Change

Not ‘equilibrium’ but change:

Not function, but meaning

A

Change

Not ‘equilibrium’ but change:

  • Borrowing/change results in diversity
  • Not in the evolutionist sense

Not function, but meaning

  • Making sense of the world, give world order & purpose
  • Ideal ‘needs’, not material need
  • Neck tie - as cultural ‘trait and context
36
Q

Diffusionism contra evolution/function

CD

Where did ‘inventions’ begin in the first place?

Why did some culture traits diffuse and not others?

A

Diffusionism contra evolution/function

CD:

  • Cultures change - they are diverse - as a result of borrowing from one another; they are not independent inventions
  • Diffusionism - objections by evolutionists and functionalists:

Where did ‘inventions’ begin in the first place?
- It all came from Egypt or Greece or India

Why did some culture traits diffuse and not others?
- And diffused at different rates

37
Q

Interactions & Exchanges

Understanding:

What is crucial?

A

Interactions & Exchanges

Understanding:
- Cultural diversity is linked to the interactions and exchanges within and among cultures

What is crucial?
- Meanings for people, from their own point of view

38
Q

Emic/Etic

Emic:

Etic:

A

Emic/Etic

Emic:
- Subjective understandings experienced, articulated and shared by individuals and groups. Emphasis is on the people’s own point of view

Etic:
- Extension of external categories of interpretation on people’s behaviour, practices & beliefs. Emphasis is on the analysts point of view, not the people she/he is describing

39
Q

The Hau of the Gift

The Hau of the gift:

Marcel Mauss:

Compare:

A

The Hau of the Gift

The Hau of the gift:
- As the gift travels people pass on something of themselves with it

Marcel Mauss:
- And his essay on ‘the gift’

Compare:
- Evolutionism & functionalism on Christmas or presents or Valentines presents

40
Q

Culture is Social/Collective Comprehensive

Meaning shared by:

Not fully:

A

Culture is Social/Collective Comprehensive

Meaning shared by:
- Most people of the group; “this is a rave”, ‘This is a rugby game’, ‘this is a school lesson’

Not fully:
Conscious, not of all aspects

41
Q

‘Civilisation’ vs ‘Culture’

Some distinguish b/w the two - ‘Civilisation’:

A

‘Civilisation’ vs ‘Culture’

Some distinguish b/w the two - ‘Civilisation’:

  • Larger in scale
  • Urban
  • Monumental architecture
  • Centralised government; the existence of a state
  • Literacy
42
Q

Social Anthropological Perspectives

Important not only to focus on:

Focus on:

From this perspective:

Hence the notion of:

A

Social Anthropological Perspectives

Important not only to focus on:
- External, objective facts

Focus on:
- ‘internal’ meanings

From this perspective:
- No person, or group of persons has more (or less) culture than another

Hence the notion of:
‘Primitive’ is no longer used

43
Q

Cultural Relativism

Seek understanding from within:

Ideas of:

A

Cultural Relativism

Seek understanding from within:
- the cultures own point of view so that it (cultural practice)

Ideas of:
- Beauty can vary widely

44
Q

External Behaviour vs Internal Action (see Keesing reading)

‘External’ description of behaviour:

‘Internal’ understanding of purposeful action:

A

External Behaviour vs Internal Action (see Keesing reading)

‘External’ description of behaviour:
- ‘A guy is running around while kicking a round object’

‘Internal’ understanding of purposeful action:
- ‘Lionel Messi is trying to score a goal and win the game’

45
Q

Aspects of - approaches to - Internal Meaning

Rules:

Unconscious binary code:

Significance:

A

Aspects of - approaches to - Internal Meaning

Rules:
- Rules of soccer

Unconscious binary code:

  • Players vs spectators
  • Winners vs losers

Significance:

  • Soccer team moves forward
  • The city of Barcelona grieves
46
Q

Learning vs Instinct

Can human behaviour be explained in terms of various instincts, drives or genetically-based propensities?

A

Learning vs Instinct

Can human behaviour be explained in terms of various instincts, drives or genetically-based propensities?

  • NO
  • Humans are born with little predetermined behaviour
47
Q

Are there cross-cultural universals

Rules, including ideas/norms/debates:

A

Are there cross-cultural universals

Rules, including ideas/norms/debates:

  • About how is an ‘adult’
  • Who you can marry
  • Who you can have sex with (and where)
  • Child-rearing
48
Q

Anthropology of Economics versus Economic Anthropology

Anthropology Economics:

Economics Anthropology:

A

Anthropology of Economics versus Economic Anthropology

Anthropology Economics:

  • Study of the field (tribe) of economics
    • Its social institutions rituals, its practitioners, their identitites as ‘economists’, their way of knowing

Economics Anthropology:

  • Every society has worked out how to provide most people with what they need for physical survival
  • ‘Worked out’ = patterned, routine, day-to-day ‘subsistence strategies’ (not random)
49
Q

Economic Anthropology

Three phases of economic activity:

A

Economic Anthropology

Three phases of economic activity:

1) Production
2) Exchange/distribution
3) Consumption

50
Q

Forms of exchange:

A

Forms of exchange:

  • Reciprocity
  • Redistribution
  • Market mechanism
51
Q

Reciprocity:

A

Reciprocity:

  • Exchange of goods, services of about the same value, b/w two or more parties
  • Includes gifts
52
Q

Generalised or Specific Reciprocity:

A

Generalised or Specific Reciprocity:
- Birthday preesent
- No immediate return
“It will work out”

53
Q

Reciprocity Generalised Reciprocity:

A

Reciprocity Generalised Reciprocity:

  • Value of the gift is not calculated, repayment time not specified
  • Parents providing for children
54
Q

Redistribution:

A

Redistribution:

  • Flow of goods into a central place to be redistributed
    • Equality is the guiding principle
  • Pure communism (commune, monastery, early christianity)
  • Specific government programs & services
  • Potlatch
55
Q

Market Exchange: BEM

A

Market Exchange:

  • Buying & selling goods & services
    • Prices set by supply & demand
  • Exchange usually happens at specific times & places
  • Money exchanged instead of (just) goods & services
    • Profit motive is pure rationality
56
Q

Production First, Exchange later

production more important for analysis than exchange:

A

Production First, Exchange later

production more important for analysis than exchange:

  • What people give/sell and get/buy depends on what is produced in the first place
  • Karl Marx: to understand exchange you have to first understand production
57
Q

Modes of Subsistence

PP

‘Worked out’ = patterned, routine, day-to-day ‘ subsistence strategies’; it is not random:

A

Modes of Subsistence

PP:
- Privileges Production

‘Worked out’ = patterned, routine, day-to-day ‘ subsistence strategies’; it is not random:

  • Hunter-gatherers (or gatherer-hunters) [labour]
  • Horticulturalists [labour]
  • Agriculturalists [land]
  • Pastoralists [livestock]
  • Peasants [land & labour}
  • Wage labourers [labour]
58
Q

Capitalist model as foundation of economics

Both advocates (Adam Smith) and critics (Marx) of capitalism agree/assume:

Foundation of discipline of economics:

A

Capitalist model as foundation of economics

Both advocates (Adam Smith) and critics (Marx) of capitalism agree/assume:

  • Demand & Supply <> Scarcity
  • There will never be enough
  • Peoples needs/wants can never be met

Foundation of discipline of economics:
- Presumption of scarcity/supply-demand- and attendant emphasis on production - is foundation of discipline of economics

59
Q

Scarcity and/or Affluence

Marshall Sahlins:

A

Scarcity and/or Affluence

Marshall Sahlins:

  • Affluence: having (more than) enough to meet needs & wants
  • Ways of affluence
    • Produce a lot and/or
    • Want less
60
Q

Sectors of Economic Activity

GNP (Gross National Product) or GDP (Gross Domestic Product) captures the formal sector:

Economic activities that are not counted in the GNP/GDP are in the informal sector:

A

Sectors of Economic Activity

GNP (Gross National Product) or GDP (Gross Domestic Product) captures the formal sector:
- Formal sector often accounts for less than half the economy

Economic activities that are not counted in the GNP/GDP are in the informal sector:

  • Garage sales
  • Drug trade
  • Birthday presents
  • Illegal (‘irregular’) immigrant labour
61
Q

Formalists vs Substantivists

Formalists/Formalism:

A

Formalists vs Substantivists

Formalists/Formalism:

  • Supply & demand <> scarcity is cross-culturally valid and universal
  • Bride-price <> cattle
    • Desirability of brides (younger) & cattle
    • ‘Capitalists’ underneath
    • Strip away any cultural superstition
      - Cost, benefit & profit
      - Geertz: ‘Unworkable monster’!
62
Q

Substantivists/Substantivism

FC

A

Substantivists/Substantivism

FC:

  • Formalism is ethnocentric (seeing others through ones own norms)
  • Scarcity <> value <> scarcity
    • But value is itself defined and measured by meaning
63
Q

From Value to consumption

Where do consumption preferences come from?

A

From Value to consumption

Where do consumption preferences come from?

  • Anthropologist can help by showing how ‘needs’ or ‘preferences’ are culturally constructed
    - They depend on meaning
64
Q

Economic Anthropology

Three phases of economic activity: PEC

A

Three phases of economic activity: PEC

  • Production
  • Exchange/Distribution
  • Consumption
65
Q

The cultural Construction of Needs & Preferences:

A

The cultural Construction of Needs & Preferences:

Production
<
Distribution
<
Consumption (food taboos)

66
Q

Coca Cola in Trinidad & Tobago

Coca Cola Colonialism? Or Local Appropriation:

If purely ‘economic rationality’:

A

Coca Cola in Trinidad & Tobago

Coca Cola Colonialism? Or Local Appropriation:

  • The latter, because:
  • Local ownership
  • ‘Black sweet drinks’ vs ‘red sweet drinks’
    • ‘Black’ associated w/ locals
    • ‘Red’ with the descendants of immigrants

If purely ‘economic rationality’:
- Would just buy what is cheapest

67
Q

Violence: Interpersonal

CHEIFS:

  • How many dies annually as a result of violence?
A

Violence: Interpersonal

CHEIFS:

  • Child Mistreatment
  • Homicide
  • Elder Abuse
  • Intimate partner assault
  • Family
  • Self-Harm

How many dies annually as a result of violence?
- 1.3 million

68
Q

Violence: Structural

Legal systems that may support violence:

Inequalities:

A

Violence: Structural

Legal systems that may support violence:

  • ‘Honour’ killings
  • Condones domestic abuse
  • Human Rights Violations

Inequalities:

  • The wealth of some 85 people in the world exceeds that of the poorest 3.5 billion
  • The richest 1% of adults own 46% of the worlds wealth
  • Half the global population have just 1% of the worlds wealth
69
Q

Violence: War & Conflict

From 3600 BC-1992:

1945-1992:

A

Violence: War & Conflict

From 3600 BC-1992:

  • Some 3500 major wars
  • 10,500 minor wars
  • One billion people killed in combat

1945-1992:

  • 150-300 wars
  • 100 to 150 million deaths
  • Not one day of peace
70
Q

Violence: Indicators

Uppsala Conflict Data Program: Department of Peace and Conflict Research:

A

Violence: Indicators

Uppsala Conflict Data Program: Department of Peace and Conflict Research:

  • look up url
  • 2014: 126 0 59 fatalities
  • 1989-2014: 2 million fatalities
  • 1986: USD $660 billion on arms while 600 million malnourished
  • 2016: USD &1.57 trillion on arms while 795 million are malnourished
71
Q

Contexts & Meanings

Practiced in a number and variety of:

Warfare does not equal:

Important to examine:

Overall:

A

Contexts & Meanings

Practiced in a number and variety of:
- Social relationships (like exchange and trading are)

Warfare does not equal:
- breakdown of the social order

Important to examine:
- Context of violence

Overall:
- The context is cultural

72
Q

Three characteristics of ethnographic description:

A

Three characteristics of ethnographic description:

  • It is interpretive
  • What it is interpretive of is the flow of social discourse
  • The interpreting involved consists of trying to rescue ‘said’ of such discourse from its perishing occasions and fix it in perusable terms”
73
Q

Subjects

In other words, causes ultimately elude ethnographers:

A

Subjects

In other words, causes ultimately elude ethnographers:
- It is the meanings of experience that comprise our subject

74
Q

Resource Competition

Explanation of war as a result of competition for resources: FLAMS

A

Resource Competition

Explanation of war as a result of competition for resources: FLAMS

  • Food
  • Land
  • Agriculture
  • Marine
  • Slaves
75
Q

Yanomamo

Napoleon Changnon (1938)

  • Yanomamo:
  • In the view of Changnon, amoung the Yanomamo survival of the fittist means:
  • Harris:
  • Changnon:
A

Yanomamo

Napoleon Changnon (1938)

Yanomamo:
- The Firerce People (1968)

In the view of Changnon, amoung the Yanomamo survival of the fittist means:
- Survival of the fittest means survival of the most ‘brutally’ competitive

Harris:
- Yanomamo fought over lack of protein

Changnon:
- Control over ‘women’ and ‘sovereignty’

76
Q

War as Politics

External trigger in:

A

War as Politics

External trigger in:

  • “Social organisation”, rather than material resource competition
    • Vengeance
    • Protest
    • Theft
    • Insult
77
Q

Protest:

A

Protest:

  • Rebellions
  • Insurrections
  • Insurgencies
78
Q

Protesting

DOR:

Land inequalities:

‘Free’ Trade Agreement:

A

Protesting

DOR:

  • Dictatorships
  • Oppression
  • Racism

Land inequalities:
- Particularly evident in insurgencies, civil wars and insurgencies in Latin America

‘Free’ Trade Agreement:
- Rise in Zapatista movement in Chiapas, Southern Mexico in response to NAFTA

79
Q

Insults:

A

Insults:

- Varies as a cause of war & conflict

80
Q

A Nuclear Age

Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD/s):

1945-1990: US built 70,000 nuclear warheads:

A

A Nuclear Age

Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD/s):

  • Biological
  • Chemical
  • Nuclear

1945-1990: US built 70,000 nuclear warheads:

  • 2014: 10,145 nuclear weapons
  • 2018: 14175 nuclear weapons
  • 1986: 64449 nuclear weapons
81
Q

WMD Ethnography

Hugh Gusterston:

A

WMD Ethnography

Hugh Gusterston:

  • People of the Bomb
  • Nuclear Rites
82
Q

The Nunuku Code:

A

The Nunuku Code:

  • For 500 years the Moriori of the Chatham Islands, Rekohu, lived in peace, having abolished war under Nunukus Law of Peace
  • Kokotehi Trust
83
Q

The Ethnographic Record

Ethnographic records illustrates that war & conflict is:

In nuclear age these cultural practices now carry a very real:

A

The Ethnographic Record

Ethnographic records illustrates that war & conflict is:
- Not a universal inevitable for of violence, but instead a series of cultural practices, responses and ideologies

In nuclear age these cultural practices now carry a very real:
- Existential risk to humanity & its cultural diversity

ANTHROPOLOGY LATZ (5 decks)

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