questions from exam

Question 1

Give three differences between substrate level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 1

substrate is cytoplasmic, oxidative is mitochondrial/
oxidative requires oxygen, substrate can do it without to a point/oxidatvie has PTC’s, substrate has soluble enzymes/oxidative generates ATP and uses it/substrate uses ATP and generates very little

Question 2

Explain how cyanide works

Answer 2

Blocks the electron transport chain so that energy is not available to create a proton gradient

Question 3

Explain how electron uncouples work

Answer 3

increase the permeability of the mitochondrial membrane so protons move down their gradient not through ATP synthase and thus ATP generations isn’t lined to the proton gradient

Question 4

What features make TAG’s efficient storage molecules?

Answer 4

Can be stored in anhydrous form because they are hydrophobic
Fatty acids in them are highly reduced so can yield a lot of energy

Question 5

Give two molecules that can cause a metabolic acidosis

Answer 5

lactate/pyrvuate/ketone bodies/amino acids

Question 6

Give three processes that the TCA cycle provides precursors for

Answer 6

amino acid synthesis/fatty acid synthesis/gluconeogenesis/haem synthesis

Question 7

Define basal metabolic rate and give two factors affecting it

Answer 7

The energy required from metabolism to maintain life for the functioning of normal tissues etc.
Body weight/body temp/gender/thyroid status/pregnancy

Question 8

Define homeostasis

Answer 8

A physiological state of internal balance where a dynamic equilibrium is established

Question 9

Explain how paracetomol is toxic to the liver

Answer 9

High levels of paracetomol cause metabolism to switch to a different pathwat which results in accumulation of the toxic product NAPQI which is directly toxic to hepatocytes but also depletes glutathion levels leaving the cells susceptible to ROS damage

Question 10

What’s the dailenergy requirement for men and women per day?

Answer 10

12000kJ