Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

DSM > Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders > Flashcards

Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

substance-induced disorders

A

disorders, ie intoxication, that can be induced by using psychoactive substances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

substance-use disorders

A

patterns of maladaptive use of psychoactive substances that lead to significant levels of impaired functioning or personal distress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

addiction

A

impaired control over the use of a chemical substance, accompanied by physiological dependence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

physiological dependence

A

when a drug user’s body comes to depend on a steady supply of the substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

psychological dependence

A

compulsive use of a substance to meet a psychological need

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

substance intoxication

A

1+ episodes of intoxication, which is a state of drunkenness or of being “high”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

withdrawal syndrome

A

a characteristic cluster of symptoms following the sudden reduction or cessation of use of a psychoactive substance after physiological dependence has developed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Delirium tremens

A

In some cases of chronic alcoholism, w/drawal produces state of dts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

tolerance

A

physical habituation to a drug such that w frequent use either:

  • higher doses are needed to achieve same effects
  • same amount of substance has a diminished effect
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Substance use disorders

A

patterns of maladaptive use of psychoactive substances that are identified by the particular drug associated w problematic use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

most widely abused substance worldwide

A

alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Risk factors for alcohol-related problems

A 
Gender
age
antisocial personality disorder
family history
sociodemographic factors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Barbiturates

A

Sedative/depressant drugs w/ high addictive potential
-around 1% of adult Americans develop substance abuse/depedence disorder involving use of barbiturates, sleep meds, or anti anxiety meds at some point

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Examples of barbiturates

A

Amobarbital, pentobarbital, phenobarbital, and secobarbital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Opioids

A

Narcotics- drugs that are used medically for pain relief but that have strong addictive potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Opioid examples

A

-include naturally occurring opiates derived from juice of poppy plant (morphine, heroin, codeine) and synthetic drugs (Demerol, Darvon)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Morphine

A

Strongly addictive narcotic derived from opium poppy
relieves pain
introduced at about time of U.S. Civil War

18
Q

“Soldier’s disease”

A

physiological dependence on morphine around time of U.S. Civil war

19
Q

Heroin

A

Developed in 1875 to replace morphine, w/o addiction (didn’t work)

  • derived from morphine
  • can create a euphoric rush
20
Q

Most widely used opiate

A

heroin

21
Q

Stimulants

A

Psychoactive substances that increase activity of central nervous system
Enhances states of alertness and can produce feelings of pleasure or even euphoric highs

22
Q

Amphetamines

A

Synthetic stimulants that activate CNS, producing heightened states of arousal and pleasure

23
Q

Amphetamine psychosis

A

caused by amphetamine use (obvi), characterized by hallucinations and delusions

24
Q

Ecstasy (MDMA)

A

“designer drug”, similar to amphetamine

  • produces mild euphoria and hallucinations
  • can produce depression, anxiety, insomnia, and even paranoia and psychosis
25
Q

Cocaine

A

A natural stimulant exacted from leaves of coca plant

produces sudden rise in blood pressure and an accelerated heart rate

26
Q

crack

A

hardened, smokable form of cocaine that may be more than 75% pure

27
Q

Overdoses of cocaine/crack

A 
can produce restlessness, 
insomnia
headaches
nausea
convulsions
tremors
 hallucinations
delusions
 and sudden death due to respiratory/cardiovascular collapse
28
Q

Nicotine

A

considered stimulant

29
Q

of deaths in U.S. from smoking each year

A

443,000

30
Q

of people worldwide who smoke

A

1 billion

31
Q

of people who die worldwide each year from smoking-related causes

A

3 million

32
Q

Caffeine intoxication

A

5+ of following:
restlessness, nervousness, excitement, insomnia, flushed face, diuresis, gastrointestinal disturbance, muscle twitching, rambling flow of thought and speech, tachycardia or cardiac arrhythmia, periods of inexhaustibility, psychomotor agitation

33
Q

Caffeine withdrawal

A

New disorder w DSM-5
3+ following w/in 2 hrs of abrupt cessation of caffeine use:
-headache
-marked fatigue/drowsiness
-dyshoric mood, depressed mood, or irritability
-difficulty concentrating
-flu-like symptoms

34
Q

hallucinogens

A 
aka psychedelics
class of drugs that produce sensory distortions or hallucinations, including major alterations in color perception and hearing
may also produce relaxation and euphoria, or in some cases panic
35
Q

LSD

A

synthetic hallucinogenic drug
can produce vivid colors and visual distortions
users have claimed it “expands consciousness”

36
Q

PCP

A

phencyclidine
aka Angel Dust
Developed as anesthetic in 1950s but was discontinued as such when its hallucinatory side effects were discovered
smokable form became popular street drug in ’70s, but waned bc of unpredictability

37
Q

Marijuana

A

derived from leaves/stems of cannabis sativa plant

-generally classified as a hallucinogen

38
Q

Cannabis use disorder

A

2+ w/in a 12-month period:

  • taken in larger amounts or over longer time than intended
  • persistent desire/unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control
  • much time spent obtaining, using, or recovering from effect
  • craving
  • resulting in failure to fulfill obligations
  • continued use despite having persistent problems
  • important activities given up/reduced bc of use
  • recurrent use in physically hazardous situations
  • continue use despite knowledge of problems caused by use
  • tolerance
  • w/drawal
39
Q

cannabis intoxication

A

2+ w/in 2 hrs of cannabis use:

  • conjunctival injection (red eyes)
  • increased appetite
  • dry mouth
  • tachycardia (rapid heart rate)
40
Q

Cannabis w/drawal

A 
New disorder w DSM-5
3+ w/in 1 week of heavy, prolonged cannabis use:
-irritability, anger, or aggression
-nervousness or anxiety
-sleep difficulty
-decreased appetite or weight loss
-restlessness
-depressed mood
41
Q

Gambling disorder

A

Recurrent problematic gambling bx leading to significant impairment/distress, as indicated by 4+ in a 12-month period:
-needs to gamble w + amts of $
-restless/irritable when attempting to cut down
-repeated unsuccessful efforts to stop
-often preoccupied w gambling
-often gambles when distressed
-after losing $, often returns, another day to get even
-lies to conceal extent
-has jeopardized/lost significant relationship, job, or educational or career opportunity bc of gambling
relies o others to provide $

Bx not better explained by a manic episode

DSM (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions