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Path > Cardio #3 > Flashcards

Cardio #3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are causes of myocardial necrosis?

A

Ischemia, toxins, nutritional, infectious/inflammatory

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2
Q

What are consequences of myocardial necrosis?

A

Decreased functional mass and contractility, arrythmia, survival –> fibrosis

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3
Q

Provide a morphological diagnosis.

A

Heart; myocardial necrosis, acute, locally extensive

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4
Q

Provide a morphological diagnosis.

A

Heart: myocardial necrosis (left ventricle), multifocal, acute, severe

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5
Q

What is vasculitis?

A

Inflammation of the blood vessel

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6
Q

What is an intact endothelium resistant to?

A

thrombus

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7
Q

What does endothelial damage and exposure of subendothelial collagen result in?

A

thrombosis and vasculitis

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8
Q

Which one is normal? What is happening in the abnormal one?

A

Right is normal; Left = vasculitis (arteritis)

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9
Q

What are some infectious causes of vasculitis?

A

Bacterial, parasitic, viral, fungal

(are common)

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10
Q

What are some non-infectious causes of vasculitis?

A

Immune-mediated (type III hypersensitivity, autoimmune diseases, food, drugs)

Non-immune-mediated (uremia)

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11
Q

What is happening here? (hint: it is a pig)

A

Swine erysipelas (“Diamond Skin Disease”)

Multifocal, acute cutaneous infarcts - get from bacterial sepsis that causes vasculitis

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12
Q

What is circled in yellow?

A

A blood vessel

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13
Q

What is circled in green?

A

thrombus

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14
Q

What is a common parasite that causes vasculitis?

A

heartworms

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15
Q

What is happening here and what system does it affect primarily? Provide a morphological diagnosis.

A

Heartworm disease (blue arrow = heartworm); primarily a disease of the pulmonary system

Pulmonary artery: vasculitis, proliferative, severe, chronic

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16
Q

What is happening here and what disease is this characteristic of?

A

Proliferation of tunica intima secondary to interaction with worms in vasculature - heartworm disease

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17
Q

What is happening here and what disease is it associated with? (Provide a morphological diagnosis)

A

Lung: pulmonary hemosiderosis, multifocal, chronic, severe - canine heartworm disease

18
Q

With heartworm disease, what is a possible color that the blood can turn and why?

A

Yellow due to accumulation of hemosiderin

19
Q

What is happening here? Provide a morphological diagnosis. (hint = this is a horse)

A

Cranial mesenteric artery: vasculitis, proliferative and fibrinopurulent, chronic, severe, diffuse with thrombosis

Caused by Strongylus vulgaris - rare

20
Q

What is circled in blue?

A

Thrombus in the cranial mesenteric artery

21
Q

What can be seen circled in black? (hint = this is a bovine)

A

Negative staining fungi - likely Mycotis rumenitis (fungal infection of the rumen)

22
Q

What is phlebitis?

A

Inflammation of a vein

23
Q

What is happening here?

A

Phlebitis along with thrombosis +/- necrosis

24
Q

What is arteriosclerosis?

A

General term for hardening of the arteries

25
Q

What is a common appearance related to arterioclerosis?

A

Mineralization

26
Q

What can arteriosclerosis be caused by?

A

Vitamin D toxicity –> increased Ca++ levels –> mineralization

27
Q

What is atherosclerosis?

A

A type of arteriosclerosis; accumulation of lipid, macrophages, smooth muscle hyperplasia, and other leukocytes

28
Q

What is the blue arrow pointing to, and what is a general term for this condition?

A

Mineral; arteriosclerosis

29
Q

What is this and what can it be caused by?

A

Arteriosclerosis; caused by Vitamin D toxicosis

30
Q

What is the most common cause of death in humans and why?

A

Atherosclerosis; it causes ischemia from vessel narrowing, infarction, and thromboembolism (stroke)

31
Q

What is this diagram illustrating?

A

Cellular composition of atherosclerotic plaques

32
Q

What are risk factors for humans and atherosclerosis?

A

Diet, age, family history, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, stress

33
Q

In dogs, where does atherosclerosis typically occur?

A

tunica media of vessel

34
Q

What are consequences of atherosclerosis in dogs?

A

Seldom have consequences to heart function, but occasionally see ischemia and infarction

(Do not get large enough to cause bulges with thrombosis)

35
Q

In dogs, what is atherosclerosis often associated with?

A

Hypothyroidism (hypercholesterolemia) and diabetes mellitus

36
Q

What species (other than humans) has atherosclerosis more commonly than dogs? What is a possible consequence?

A

Birds (psittacines); risk factors silimar to humans; can have hypoxic injury to brain/thrombus leading to stroke and death

37
Q

What is seen here? What disease does this dog likely have that is related to this?

A

Atherosclerosis; likely has hypothyroidism or diabetes mellitus

38
Q

What is happening here? What type of neoplasm is it? Where is it common?

A

Hemangiosarcoma; endothelial origin; common in liver, spleen, right auricle

39
Q

What is happening here?

A

Hemangiosarcoma of the right auricle

40
Q

What does this dog have? What are risk factors for its development? What are consequences?

A

Atherosclerosis; risk = hypothyroidism and diabetes mellitus; consequence = dog will probably live

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