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Question 1

Types of non-living permeable windbreak.

Answer 1

Paraweb.
Hit and miss fencing.
Open patterned brick walls.
Trellis.
Woven hurdles.

Question 2

Benefits of paraweb.

Answer 2

Space saving.

Quick and easy to erect.

Question 3

Limitations of paraweb.

Answer 3

Not aesthetically pleasing.

Does not benefit wildlife.

Question 4

Reasons for providing shelter for an outdoor food production area.

Answer 4

Reduce the amount of wind enabling an increase in yields.
Prevents wind scorch to fruit trees and vegetable crops.
To create a micro-climate.
Increase the potential for pollination as pollinators fly more in calm weather.

Question 5

Direct sowing definition.

Answer 5

Where seed is sown into a drill or station where it will germinate and mature to a crop in-situ.

Question 6

Sowing into modules.

Definition.

Answer 6

Sowing into modules is where a seed/s are sown into a module filled with suitable growing media, usually under glass and transplanted to final growing space once hardened off.

Question 7

Vegetables suitable for direct sowing.

Answer 7

Brassicas.
Leek.
Carrot.
Beetroot.

Question 8

Vegetables suitable for sowing into modules.

Answer 8

Runner beans.
Courgette.
Lettuce.
Onion.

Question 9

Methods used to advance and extend the productive season of outdoor crops.
Black polythene.

Answer 9

Black polythene - laid on soil, transfers sun’s heat to the soil.
Enables seeds to be sown earlier and AIDS germination ant therefore advances the crop.

Question 10

Methods used to advance and extend the productive season of outdoor crops.
Fleece.

Answer 10

Temporary protection over emerging seedlings and tender young plants.
Can protect against frost.
Can act as temporary windbreak against cold/drying wind.

Question 11

Methods used to advance and extend the productive season of outdoor crops.

Low tunnels.

Answer 11

Used to warm up the soil enabling earlier sowing if seeds.
Offer protection to tender, young plants from early and late frosts.
Young plants are protected from heavy rain and cold winds.

Question 12

Methods used to advance and extend the productive season of outdoor crops.
Cold frames.

Answer 12

Can be used to protect crops from pest attack.
Can grow salad crops.
Used as nursery bed for brassica transplants.

Question 13

Sowing leeks.

Answer 13

Mid to late winter - spring: sow in greenhouse in trays using seed compost, 3-4 seeds per module.

Early to late spring: sow in prepared seedbed.
Sow thinly in drills.
1-2cm deep.
Drills 15cm apart.

Question 14

Transplanting leeks from seed bed.

Answer 14

Transplant leeks when pencil thick and 20cm approx in height.
Trim roots and tops to 2 - 3cm.
Space between 15 and 23cm apart depending on size of leek.
Rows 30 a 38 cm apart.

Make a whole 15 to 20 cm deep with a dibber.
Drop transplant into hole.
Fill hole with water.
Do not backfill, hole is allowed to naturally backfil around transplant to create a blanched Ste.

Question 15

Transplanting leeks from modules.

Answer 15

Modules are planted deep in a hole made with a trowel.
Make sure modules are well watered before and after transplanting.
Plant transplants in clumps 30cm apart in the row.
30cm between rows.

Question 16

Harvesting onions.

Answer 16

Harvest when tops are going over or yellowing, Aug/Sep.
Carefully lift with fork.
In dry weather leave onions on soil surface to dry for a week.
In wet weather dry onions in shed or greenhouse on slatted shelves.
Remove diseased and damaged onions.
Once dried remove roots and top growth.

Question 17

Storing onions.

Answer 17

Store in frost free, vermin free shed.
Do not store in dark, onions will sprout.
Need good air circulation and low humidity.
Temp 0 degrees to 10 degrees.
Store in plaits, tights/stockings, slatted boxes or netting bags.

Question 18

Top fruit named cultivar

Answer 18

Malus ‘Discovery’

Question 19

Top fruit.

Definition.

Answer 19

Fruit that grows on a tree.
Tree has usually been budded or grafted onto a specific rootstock.
Long lived.
Can be trained/restricted.
Generally require pollinator, not all are self fertile.

Question 20

Soft fruit.

Definition.

Answer 20

Grows on bush, cane or low to ground.
Usually grown on own rootstock.
Self pollinating.
Short live 
Example: Ribes nigrum 'Blackdown'

Question 21

Reasons to select a soft fruit cultivar.

Answer 21

Disease resistance.
Taste.
Storage possibilities.
Time of cropping/early, mid season or late season cultivars.
Yield.
Culinary or dessert varieties eg. Gooseberries.

Question 22

Apple.

Pest.

Answer 22

Apple leaf miner.
Silvery white or brown lines on leaves - late summer.
Hammock like cocoons of white silk attached to underside of leaves and on bark.

Control.
Remove and burn infested foliage.
Hoe around base of tree to destroy overwintering pupae.
Spray with lambda-cyhalothrin after bud-burst but not when flowering.

Question 23

Apple disease.

Answer 23

Apple canker.
Bark becomes discoloured, shrinks and cracks.
Forms concentric rings of flaky bark.
Branches may become swollen around infected area.
Shoots can be girded causing die back.

Control.
Cut out and burn infected parts of the tree.
Grow resistant cultivars.